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PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 11 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Social Psychology?

A

The presence of other people influences the bx of individuals, groups, etc.

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2
Q

Complete this statement:
Social psychologists believe that an…

A

Individual’s thoughts, feelings, and bxs are influenced by social situations.

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3
Q

Emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition is __ __

A

IntRApersonal topics

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4
Q

The view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings –

A

Situationism

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5
Q

Situationism is used by __ __

A

Social Psychologists

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6
Q

Viewed that our behavior is determined by internal factors (attributes of a persons personality traits and temperament) –

A

Dispositionism

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7
Q

Dispositonism is used by __ __ and favored in __

A

Personality psychologists : the U.S.

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8
Q

What is Fundamental attribution error?

A

Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of others.
Underestimate the power of the situation.

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9
Q

People tend to fail to recognize when a person’s behavior is due to __ __.

A

Situational variables

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10
Q

What is Actor-observer bias?

A

A phenomenon of explaining other peoples behaviors, due to internal factors

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11
Q

Our own behaviors are due to __ __.

A

Situational forces

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12
Q

Tendency of an individual to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes is - __

A

Self-Serving Bias

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13
Q

Definition of : Attribution

A

A belief about the cause of a result
- When our team wins we make attributions such as it’s talented, works hard, and uses effective strategies.

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14
Q

Internal vs External

A

Locus of control

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15
Q

__ is the extent to which the circumstances are changeable.

A

Stability

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16
Q

__ : extent to which the circumstances are changeable.

A

Controllability

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17
Q

Belief that people get the outcomes they deserve is called - __

A

Just-world Hypothesis
- People who hold this POV tend to blame people in poverty for their circumstances, ignoring situational and cultural causes of poverty.

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18
Q

__ __ : a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group.

A

Social role
- Ex: being a student

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19
Q

A social norm is?

A

A group’s expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members.

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20
Q

A person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting is __

A

Script
-Vary between cultures

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21
Q

Attitude is …

A

our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object.
-Can be a negative or positive

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22
Q

Affective component is __

A

feelings

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23
Q

A behavioral component is the effect on the __ on __

A

Attitude : Behavior

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24
Q

Cognitive component is __ and __.

A

belief and knowledge

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25
Q

Who had a theory on cognitive dissonance?

A

Leon Festinger

26
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

Psychological discomfort arising from holding 2 or more inconsistent behaviors.
– believing smoking is bad for you, but smoking anyway.

27
Q

What is 1 of 3 ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

A
  • Change their behavior
  • Change their belief through rationalization or denial
  • Add a new cognition
28
Q

What are the 3 conditions used in the Aronson and Mills Experiment in 1959?
(College students volunteered to join a group that would regularly discuss the psychology of sex)

A

No initiation, easy initiation, and difficult initiation.

29
Q

What is persuasion?
(How are people convinced to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?)

A

The process of changing our attitudes toward something based on some kind of communication.

30
Q

What is the foot-in-the-door technique?

A

Persuader gets a person to agree to a small favor, only to later request a larger favor.

31
Q

__ is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they do not agree.

A

Conformity

32
Q

__ effect is the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment.

A

Asch effect

33
Q

__ social influence : people conform to the group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group.

A

Normative

34
Q

__ social influence : people conform because they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, particularly when the task or situation is ambiguous.

A

Informational

35
Q

What is obedience?

A

Change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure.

36
Q

When does social facilitation occur?

A

When an individual performs better for an audience than when performing alone.

37
Q

Social Loafing is …

A

the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group.

38
Q

Prejudice :
(“i hate Yankees fans, they make me angry”)

A

negative attitude/feeling toward an individual based on one’s membership in a particular social group

39
Q

Stereotype :
(“Yankees fans are arrogant and obnoxious”)

A

Specific belief/assumption based on their membership in a group

40
Q

Discrimination :
(“I would never be friends with a person knowing they’re a Yankees fan”)

A

Discrimination

41
Q

Discrimination and prejudice against an individual based on their race is __

A

Racism

42
Q

Prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age is __

A

Ageism

43
Q

Prejudice and discrimination of individuals based solely on their sexual orientation is __

A

Homophobia

44
Q

What is a group that we identify with or see ourselves belonging to?

A

In-groups

45
Q

What is a group that we view as fundamentally different from us?

A

Out-groups

46
Q

- __ : prejudice and discrimination because the out-group is perceived as different and is less preferred than our in-group.

A

In-group bias

47
Q

Scapegoating is the act of blaming an - when the - experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

A

out-group : in-group

48
Q

__ is seeking to cause harm or pain to another person.
__ __ is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain.

A

Aggression : Hostile Aggression

49
Q

Repeated negative treatment of another person over time is called __

A

Bullying

50
Q

When bullying girls tend to…

A

engage in social forms of aggression
-ex: spreading rumors, social isolation, or ignoring

51
Q

When bullying boys tend to…

A

engage in direct physical aggression

52
Q

__ __ : Phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress.

A

Bystander Effect

53
Q

__ behavior : voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

A

Prosocial behavior

54
Q

What is Empathy?

A

Ability to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he/she feels.

55
Q

__ : people with whom you have the most contact.

A

Proximity

56
Q

__ : people who are similar to us in background, attitudes, and lifestyle.

A

Similarity

57
Q

__ : sharing details and intimate thought and emotions

A

Intimacy

58
Q

What 3 components can describe the 7 types of love?

A

Intimacy, passion, and commitment

59
Q

Passion is…

A

Physical attraction

60
Q

__ : standing by the person

A

Commitment

PSYCHOLOGY (2 decks)

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