chapter 11: schizophrenia related disorders

Question 1

age onset of schizophrenia

Answer 1

teens to early adulthood

Question 2

prevalence rate of schizophrenia

Answer 2

1% for adults, 0.002% for children

Question 3

prodromal phase of schizophrenia

Answer 3

period of worsening symptoms, gradual deterioration in functioning

Question 4

active (acute) phase of schizophrenia

Answer 4

acute psychotic episodes (usually need to be hospitalized), hallucinations, seeing things, delusions, etc.

Question 5

residual phase of schizophrenia

Answer 5

return to the level of functioning of the prodromal phase

Question 6

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 6

added that isn’t supposed to be there, involve a break in reality
ex) hallucinations and delusional thinking

Question 7

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 7

affect ability to function in daily life
ex) lack of emotions, loss of motivation/pleasure/speech, social withdrawal

Question 8

what is a delusion ?

Answer 8

a positive symptom

Question 9

delusions of persecution

Answer 9

thinking that people are spying on them or listening to them

Question 10

delusions of reference

Answer 10

being referenced through media

Question 11

delusions of control

Answer 11

thought that people are controlling their thoughts or behaviors without their will

Question 12

delusions of grandeur

Answer 12

people think they are especially important, e.g. messenger from god or going to save the world

Question 13

thought broadcasting

Answer 13

people think that other people can read their thoughts, thoughts being broadcasted out loud

Question 14

thought insertion

Answer 14

belief that thoughts that aren’t your own are being inserted into your head

Question 15

thought withdrawal

Answer 15

belief that thoughts are being extracted from their mind

Question 16

what is catatonia ?

Answer 16

extreme psychomotor symptoms

Question 17

examples of catatonic behavior

Answer 17

catatonic stupor, catatonic posturing, catatonic rigidity, waxy flexibility, catatonic excitement

Question 18

catatonic stupor

Answer 18

stiff and rigid, not responding to any stimulus

Question 19

catatonic posturing

Answer 19

someone assumes a posture and stay in it for a period of time

Question 20

catatonic rigidity

Answer 20

if you try to move someone out of their posture, they won’t move

Question 21

waxy flexibility

Answer 21

moving someone’s posture and it stays where you move it

Question 22

catatonic excitement

Answer 22

moving the limbs around in an excited manor

Question 23

examples of disordered thought and speech

Answer 23

loose association/derailment, neologisms, perseveration, thought blocking, clang

Question 24

loose association/derailment

Answer 24

rapid shifts in conversation topics

Question 25

neologisms

Answer 25

made up words

Question 26

perseveration

Answer 26

repetition of words

Question 27

thought blocking

Answer 27

interruption

Question 28

clang

Answer 28

rhyme

Question 29

brain abnormalities in schizophrenia

Answer 29

-loss of brain tissue and less activity in prefrontal cortex
-abnormalities in brain circuitry connecting the prefrontal cortex to other brain parts (e.g. limbic system)
-enlarged ventricles

Question 30

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 30

movement disorder (eye blinking, involuntary chewing, lip smacking, puckering, facial grimacing, movements of limbs and trunk)

Question 31

what type of antipsychotics are associated with tardive dyskinesia ?

Answer 31

first generation antipsychotics

Question 32

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Answer 32

schizophrenia results from excessive dopamine activity

Question 33

evidence toward the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 33

-effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs (which supposedly block dopamine activity)
-antipsychotic drugs produce symptoms similar to Parkison’s disease; Parkinson patients have low dopamine levels

Question 34

evidence against the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 34

-takes time for symptoms of schizophrenia to subside after taking antipsychotics
-many negative symptoms remain after taking antipsychotics

Question 35

psychological treatments for schizophrenia

Answer 35

-family therapy (psychoeducation, coping skills, communication skills)
-social skills training
-cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure therapy)

Question 36

medication used to treat schizophrenia

Answer 36

conventional antipsychotics (block dopamine receptors) or atypical antipsychotics (balance dopamine and serotonin)

Question 37

conventional antipsychotics

Answer 37

first generation, block dopamine receptors, Haldol, Thorazine

Question 38

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 38

second generation, Clozaril, Risperdal, Zeldox

Question 39

biological etiologies of schizophrenia

Answer 39

dopamine hypothesis (excessive dopamine levels) and generational in families

Question 40

the role of older age of a father and schizophrenia

Answer 40

more genetic mutations in sperm over time

Question 41

diathesis stress model: schizophrenia

Answer 41

diathesis: genetic vulnerability
stress: prenatal trauma
birth complications
harsh, critical family environment
stress life experiences