Chapter 11 Pt 1

Question 1

The fluid found inside all body cells. Contains the most fluid out of all the compartments.

Answer 1

Intracellular fluid

Question 2

The fluid found outside the cells.

Answer 2

Extracellular fluid

Question 3

The fluid found between cells and outside the vascular bed.

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid

Question 4

The four tissue types.

Answer 4

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

Question 5

What percent of body weight does water account for?

Answer 5

50-60%

Question 6

What three processes does the body use to keep the volume stable?

Answer 6

Osmosis
Diffusion
Mediated transport mechanism

Question 7

Substances dissolved in a solution

Answer 7

Solutes

Question 8

Substance that solutes are dissolved in

Answer 8

Solvent

Question 9

Membranes that separate different solutions

Answer 9

Semipermeable membranes

Question 10

Spontaneous movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane into a region of higher concentration.

Answer 10

Osmosis

Question 11

Pressure that prevents the flow of fluid across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 11

Osmotic pressure

Question 12

What two factors does osmotic pressure depend on?

Answer 12

Number and molecular weight of particles on each side
Membrane permeability to these molecules

Question 13

Solution that has a higher concentration than that of the cell it surrounds.

What happens to the cell?

Answer 13

Hypertonic solution

Fluid moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks.

Question 14

Solution that has a lower concentration than that of the cell it surrounds.

What happens to the cell?

Answer 14

Hypotonic solution

Fluid moves into the cell and the cell swells.

Question 15

Most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 15

Sodium

Question 16

Most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid.

Answer 16

Potassium

Question 17

Substances with no electrical charge such as glucose and urea.

Answer 17

Nonelectrolytes

Question 18

Solution that has the same concentration as the cell it surrounds.

What happens to the cell?

Answer 18

Isotonic solution

There is no fluid movement.

Question 19

Passive process in which molecules or ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

Exists when the concentration of a solute is greater at one point in the solvent than it is at another point.

Answer 20

Concentration gradient

Question 21

Process that is required to move large, water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across the cell membranes.

Answer 21

Mediated transport mechanisms

Question 22

Protein that combines with a solute molecule on one side of a membrane.

Answer 22

Carrier molecule

Question 23

Transport of a molecule by use of a carrier.

Answer 23

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 24

The two types of carrier-mediated transport.

Answer 24

Active transport
Facilitated diffusion

Question 25

Moves substances against a concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. Uses energy.

Answer 25

Active transport

Question 26

Moves substances into and out of cells from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Does not use energy

Answer 26

Fascillitated diffusion

Question 27

Blood vessels that do not have elastic or connective tissue or smooth muscle that would impede the transfer of water and solutes.

Answer 27

Capillaries

Question 28

Thoroughfare through which blood may flow directly from arterioles to venules while bypassing true capillaries.

Answer 28

Metarteriole

Question 29

Sphincter at the arteriole end.

Answer 29

Precapillary sphincter

Question 30

Sphincter at the venous end

Answer 30

Postcapillary sphincter

Question 31

Bypass of the capillaries that occurs naturally in the sole of the foot, palm, terminal phalanges, and nail bed. Important for the use in thermoregulation

Answer 31

AV shunts

Question 32

Two forces responsible for moving fluid in and out of the capillaries.

Answer 32

Hydrostatic pressure
Osmotic pressure

Question 33

High pressure in the arterioles that forces fluid out of the arteriole into the interstitial space.

Answer 33

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 34

The pressure in the venules that results from the presence of plasma proteins (albumin) which are too large to pass through the capillary walls. Causes fluid to flow from the interstitial space into the venules

Answer 34

Osmotic pressure

Question 35

Where does the remaining 10% of the fluid in the interstitial space that results from net filtration go?

Answer 35

Lymphatic system and then into the general circulation

Question 36

Describes the difference between the forces favoring filtration and the forces opposing filtration.

Answer 36

Starling hypothesis