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Psych > chapter 11 psychobiology and psychopharmacology > Flashcards

chapter 11 psychobiology and psychopharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Limbic system

what does it do?

A

regulate emotional experiences

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2
Q

amygdala is responsible?

A

fear

anxiety

fight or flight

if it is small !!!!

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3
Q

frontal lobe does what?

A

helps with speech, execution

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4
Q

temporal lobe does what?

A

balance

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5
Q

parietal lobe does what?

A

sensory stimuli

lets you know when its night or day

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6
Q

occipital lobe does what?

A

vision

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters to know!

Dopamine (DA)

Serotonin (5-HT or 5-hydroxytryptamine)

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

how we feel pleasure, think and plan

stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. if the level is off person can be depressed.

anti-seizure and anti-anxiety effects. works by blocking brain signals. usually alcoholism patient.

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8
Q

what are the major neurotransmitters that regulate mood?

A

dopamine

serotonin

norepinephrine

GABA

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9
Q

computed tomography (CT) can detect?

A

aneurism area

infarct

lesion

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10
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect?

A

edema

neoplasm

ischemia

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11
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) can detect?

A

oxygen utilization

glucose metabolism

blood

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12
Q

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can detect

A

circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

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13
Q

what does an increase in epinephrine cause?

A

mania

anxiety state

schizophrenia

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14
Q

what does a decrease in epinephrine cause?

A

depression

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15
Q

what does increase in serotonin cause?

A

anxiety states

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16
Q

what does decrease in serotonin cause?

A

depression

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17
Q

what does increase in dopamine cause?

A

schizophrenia and mania

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18
Q

what does decrease in dopamine cause?

A

Parkinson’s disease

depression

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19
Q

what does an increase in glutamate cause?

decrease causes ???

A

prolonged increased state neurotoxic and neurodegeneration inalzheimer’s disease

psychosis

20
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) an increase cause?

A

decrease of anxiety

21
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) a decrease causes?

A

anxiety disorders

schizophrenia

mania

Huntington diseases (involuntary movement)

22
Q

Antianxiety-Benzo

used for ______anxiety and agitation

increased risk of ________

side effects:____________

what are the meds??????

SHORT TERM

A

acute

addiction

drowsiness, fatigue, depression, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, weakness and forgetfulness

Diazepam

Clonazepam

Alprazolam

Lorazepam

23
Q

Antianxiety Drugs-sleep

what are the drugs?

what are the drug that we have to make sure they don’t have any side effects?

A

Flurazepam

Temazepam -metal taste as side effect

Triazolam

Estazolam

Quazepam

24
Q

Antianxiety drugs that are short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents (z-hypnotics)

what are the drugs????

what are the drug that has side effect of sleep walking?

A

zolpidem -sleep walking side effect

zaleplon

eszopiclone

25
Q

Antianxiety (melatonin receptor agonists)

what are the drugs?

what is the drug that is commonly used 4-6 weeks to be fully effective and not addictive? and also you don’t gain weight on it!

A

Ramelteon

Doxepin

Buspirone - not addictive, takes 4-6 weeks to work, you don’t gain weight from it.

26
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s)

what are the drugs?

A

Nortriptyline

Amitriptyline

Imipramine

27
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) antideprassants

_____ line for anxiety and depression

what are the common side effects?

what is the syndrome that can develop?

what is serotonin discontinuation?

​

A

anxiety, agitation, GI upset, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

serotonin syndrome- (excess serotonin): medical emergency-diarrhea, restlessness, extreme agitation, seizure, hyperthermia, rigidity, coma, and possible death.

agitation, nausea, disequilibrium and flu-like symptoms.

28
Q

what are the SSRI’s drugs? antidepressants

F

S

P

C

E

F

V

A

Fluoxetine

Sertraline

Paroxetine

Citalopram

Escitalopram

Fluvoxamine

Vortioxetine

29
Q

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI’s) antidepressants drugs?

V

D

D

A

Venlafaxine

Desvenlafaxine

Duloxetine

30
Q

serotonin-norepinephrine disinhibitors (SNDI’s) antidepressant

what are they also called?

what are the drugs?

when do you give it and what can it cause?

A

noradrenaline and specific serotonergic agent

Mirtazapine

give at bedtime! highly sedating and can cause weight gain. give to patient that is not eating and needs to gain weight.

31
Q

antidepressant drugs

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI’s)

side effects:

meds?

A

orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and hypertensive crisis if ingested food with tyramine

Isocarboxazid

Phenelzine

Selegiline

Tranylcypromine

32
Q

food that contains tyramine?

A

pickles

aged cheese

salami

alcohol

caffeine

chocolate

33
Q

other antidepressant drugs

serotonin-2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitors (SARI’s)

meds?

A

Nefazodone -black box warning for hepatotoxicity so not a first line med

Trazodone - priapism in males!!!!!!!(painful erection)

34
Q

other Antidepressant drugs

norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

meds?

what are the risks?

if the client is very irritable, you don’t give it to them!

A

Bupropion

seizure risk: contraindicated in individuals with seizure history and bulimia

35
Q

mood stabilizers

A

1. lithium

2. anticonvulsant drugs

36
Q

mood stabilizers

what is the normal range for lithium?

what are the side effects?

what are the signs of lithium toxicity?

FLUID INTAKE SHOULD BE CONSISTENT

CHECK BUN AND CREATININE

A
  1. 6-1.2 normal range
  2. 5 or more -stop med and call provider

tremor, weight gain, sedation, stomach upset, polyuria, thirst edema of lower legs, hypothyroid, acne

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, tremor, muscle weakness, tinnitus this is a medical emergency: stop meds immediately, emesis or lavage, check labs, and EKG dialysis be required.

37
Q

Anticonvulsant Mood stabilizers

what are the meds that have lower weight gain?

A

lamotrigine

topamax

38
Q

Anticonvulsant Mood stabilizers Side Effects

Valproate

what should the blood level be?

carbamazepine

what should blood levels be?

usually give this to eating disorder client!

Lamotrigine

Gabapentin

Topiramate

trileptal

A

spinal bifida, alopecia, weight gain, diarrhea, thrombocytopinia

50-125

neural tube defect, steven johnsons syndrome, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, liver problems, hyponatremia

blood levels 6-12

steven johnson syndrome, insomnia, headache, and dizziness

sedation, ataxia and decreased coordination

short term memory loss, nephrolithiasis, paresthesias, cognitive slowing.

hyponatremia, somnolence (can interfere with birth control prevention)

39
Q
A
40
Q

antipsychotic drugs

first generation drugs cover only ____ symptoms

blocks only_____

greater risk for __________

A

positive

dopamine

extrapyramidal symptoms

  • dystonia (slow muscle spasm in the neck, face)
  • tardive dyskinesia (objective abnormal, involuntary muscle movement)
  • akathisia (subjective feeling of muscular discomfort and restlessness) cant stay still
  • pseudoparkinsonism (shuffling gait)
41
Q

second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs

target what symptoms?

fewer extrapyramidal side effects

often chosen as first line treatment

what do they block?

A

positive and negative

dopamine and serotonin blockers

42
Q

2 nd generation atypical antipsychotic drugs?

C

R

Q

O

Z

P

I

L

A

A

A

Clozapine

risperidone

quetiapine

olanzapine

ziprasidone (cause cardiac problem)

paliperidone

lloperidone

Lurasidone- very effective for bipolar depression

Asenapine

Apripiprazole (dopamine stabilizer

43
Q

ADHD meds

check BP, can cause insomnia

A

METHYLPHENIDATE

ADDERALL -bing eating and watch for addictive behavior. check family for sudden death

ATOMOXETINE -good for pt with depression

INTUNIV-good for patient with HTN and tics

CLONIDINE-good for pt with HTN and tics

44
Q

what does ADHD drugs suppress?

A

growth

appetite

45
Q

alzheimers disease drugs

side effects:

drug? for severe dementia

drug? for mild to moderate

A

nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, appetite loss, increased gastric and secretion

Memantine -for severe dementia

Tacrine - not first line, hepatotoxic

donepezil-first line, can increase LFT’s

Galantamaine -

Revastigmine - available in a patch

46
Q

herbal medicine

what are potential long-term effects?

adverse chemical reactions

A

nerve damage

kidney damage

liver damage

with other substances

with conventional medications

drink tea after. never give it together !!!!!!

Psych (5 decks)

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