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Psych > chapter 11 psychobiology and psychopharmacology > Flashcards

chapter 11 psychobiology and psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic system

what does it do?

A

regulate emotional experiences

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2
Q

amygdala is responsible?

A

fear

anxiety

fight or flight

if it is small !!!!

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3
Q

frontal lobe does what?

A

helps with speech, execution

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4
Q

temporal lobe does what?

A

balance

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5
Q

parietal lobe does what?

A

sensory stimuli

lets you know when its night or day

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6
Q

occipital lobe does what?

A

vision

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters to know!

Dopamine (DA)

Serotonin (5-HT or 5-hydroxytryptamine)

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

how we feel pleasure, think and plan

stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. if the level is off person can be depressed.

anti-seizure and anti-anxiety effects. works by blocking brain signals. usually alcoholism patient.

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8
Q

what are the major neurotransmitters that regulate mood?

A

dopamine

serotonin

norepinephrine

GABA

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9
Q

computed tomography (CT) can detect?

A

aneurism area

infarct

lesion

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10
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect?

A

edema

neoplasm

ischemia

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11
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) can detect?

A

oxygen utilization

glucose metabolism

blood

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12
Q

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can detect

A

circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

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13
Q

what does an increase in epinephrine cause?

A

mania

anxiety state

schizophrenia

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14
Q

what does a decrease in epinephrine cause?

A

depression

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15
Q

what does increase in serotonin cause?

A

anxiety states

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16
Q

what does decrease in serotonin cause?

A

depression

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17
Q

what does increase in dopamine cause?

A

schizophrenia and mania

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18
Q

what does decrease in dopamine cause?

A

Parkinson’s disease

depression

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19
Q

what does an increase in glutamate cause?

decrease causes ???

A

prolonged increased state neurotoxic and neurodegeneration inalzheimer’s disease

psychosis

20
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) an increase cause?

A

decrease of anxiety

21
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) a decrease causes?

A

anxiety disorders

schizophrenia

mania

Huntington diseases (involuntary movement)

22
Q

Antianxiety-Benzo

used for ______anxiety and agitation

increased risk of ________

side effects:____________

what are the meds??????

SHORT TERM

A

acute

addiction

drowsiness, fatigue, depression, dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, weakness and forgetfulness

Diazepam

Clonazepam

Alprazolam

Lorazepam

23
Q

Antianxiety Drugs-sleep

what are the drugs?

what are the drug that we have to make sure they don’t have any side effects?

A

Flurazepam

Temazepam -metal taste as side effect

Triazolam

Estazolam

Quazepam

24
Q

Antianxiety drugs that are short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents (z-hypnotics)

what are the drugs????

what are the drug that has side effect of sleep walking?

A

zolpidem -sleep walking side effect

zaleplon

eszopiclone

25
Antianxiety (melatonin receptor agonists) ## Footnote what are the drugs? what is the drug that is commonly used 4-6 weeks to be fully effective and **not addictive**? and also you don't gain weight on it!
Ramelteon Doxepin Buspirone - not addictive, takes 4-6 weeks to work, you don't gain weight from it.
26
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA's) ## Footnote what are the drugs?
**Nortriptyline** **Amitriptyline** **Imipramine**
27
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors **(****SSRI's) antideprassants** ## Footnote **\_\_\_\_\_ line for anxiety and depression** **what are the common side effects?** **what is the syndrome that can develop?** **what is serotonin discontinuation?** **​**
anxiety, agitation, GI upset, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION **_serotonin syndrome_- (excess serotonin): medical emergency-diarrhea, restlessness, extreme agitation, seizure, hyperthermia, rigidity, coma, and possible death.** **agitation, nausea, disequilibrium and flu-like symptoms.**
28
what are the **SSRI's drugs? antidepressants** ## Footnote **F** **S** **P** **C** **E** **F** **V**
**Fluoxetine** **Sertraline** **Paroxetine** **Citalopram** **Escitalopram** **Fluvoxamine** **Vortioxetine**
29
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake _inhibitors_ **(SNRI's) antidepressants** drugs? ## Footnote **V** **D** **D**
**Venlafaxine** **Desvenlafaxine** **Duloxetine**
30
serotonin-norepinephrine disinhibitors (**SNDI's) antidepressant** **what are they also called?** **what are the drugs?** **when do you give it and what can it cause?**
noradrenaline and specific serotonergic agent **Mirtazapine** *give at bedtime! highly sedating and can cause weight gain. give to patient that is not eating and needs to gain weight.*
31
antidepressant drugs **Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's)** side effects: meds?
orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and **hypertensive crisis** if ingested food with **tyramine** **Isocarboxazid** **Phenelzine** **Selegiline** **Tranylcypromine**
32
food that contains tyramine?
pickles aged cheese salami alcohol caffeine chocolate
33
other antidepressant drugs ## Footnote **serotonin-2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitors (SARI's)** **meds?**
## Footnote **Nefazodone** -black box warning for hepatotoxicity so not a first line med **Trazodone** - priapism in males!!!!!!!(painful erection)
34
other Antidepressant drugs ## Footnote **norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)** **meds?** **what are the risks?** *if the client is very irritable, you don't give it to them!*
Bupropion seizure risk: contraindicated in individuals with seizure history and bulimia
35
mood stabilizers
**1. lithium** **2. anticonvulsant drugs**
36
mood stabilizers **what is the normal range for lithium?** what are the side effects? what are the signs of lithium toxicity? **FLUID INTAKE SHOULD BE CONSISTENT** **CHECK _BUN_ AND _CREATININE_**
0. 6-1.2 normal range 1. 5 or more -stop med and call provider tremor, weight gain, sedation, stomach upset, polyuria, thirst edema of lower legs, hypothyroid, acne diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, tremor, muscle weakness, tinnitus **this is a medical emergency: stop meds immediately, emesis or lavage, check labs, and EKG dialysis be required.**
37
**Anticonvulsant Mood stabilizers** what are the meds that have lower weight gain?
lamotrigine topamax
38
Anticonvulsant Mood stabilizers Side Effects ## Footnote **Valproate** what should the blood level be? **carbamazepine** what should blood levels be? usually give this to eating disorder client! **Lamotrigine** **Gabapentin** **Topiramate** **trileptal**
## Footnote **spinal bifida,** alopecia, weight gain, diarrhea, thrombocytopinia 50-125 neural tube defect, steven johnsons syndrome, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, liver problems, hyponatremia blood levels 6-12 **steven johnson syndrome,** insomnia, headache, and dizziness sedation, ataxia and decreased coordination short term memory loss, nephrolithiasis, paresthesias, cognitive slowing. hyponatremia, somnolence (can interfere with birth control prevention)
39
40
antipsychotic drugs ## Footnote first generation drugs cover only ____ symptoms blocks only\_\_\_\_\_ greater risk for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
positive dopamine extrapyramidal symptoms * dystonia (slow muscle spasm in the neck, face) * tardive dyskinesia (objective abnormal, involuntary muscle movement) * akathisia (subjective feeling of muscular discomfort and restlessness) cant stay still * pseudoparkinsonism (shuffling gait)
41
second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs ## Footnote target what symptoms? fewer extrapyramidal side effects often chosen as first line treatment what do they block?
positive and negative dopamine and serotonin blockers
42
2 nd generation atypical antipsychotic drugs? **C** **R** **Q** **O** **Z** **P** **I** **L** **A** **A**
Clozapine risperidone quetiapine olanzapine ziprasidone (cause cardiac problem) paliperidone lloperidone Lurasidone- very effective for bipolar depression Asenapine Apripiprazole (dopamine stabilizer
43
ADHD meds ## Footnote check BP, can cause insomnia
METHYLPHENIDATE ADDERALL -bing eating and watch for addictive behavior. check family for sudden death ATOMOXETINE -good for pt with depression INTUNIV-good for patient with HTN and tics CLONIDINE-good for pt with HTN and tics
44
what does ADHD drugs suppress?
growth appetite
45
alzheimers disease drugs ## Footnote side effects: drug? for severe dementia drug? for mild to moderate
## Footnote nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, appetite loss, increased gastric and secretion **Memantine -**for severe dementia **Tacrine -** not first line, hepatotoxic **donepezil-**first line, can **increase LFT's** **Galantamaine -** **Revastigmine -** available in a patch
46
**herbal medicine** *what are potential long-term effects?* **adverse chemical reactions**
nerve damage kidney damage liver damage with other substances with conventional medications *drink tea after. never give it together !!!!!!*

Psych (5 decks)

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