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EMT 2 > Chapter 11: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

6 R’s of Medication Administration

A

Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Route
Right Time
Right Dose
Right Documentation

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2
Q

Medication Profile

A

Contains the name of the drug, dose, route of administration, indications, contraindications, action of the drug, and the side effects

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3
Q

Kilogram to pounds conversion

A

1kg=2.2lbs

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4
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

Dose: 1-2 g/kg
Route: Oral
Indications: Oral ingested poisonings and overdose
Contraindications: Unable to maintain airway, ingestion of corrosive caustic or petroleum based substance, hypersensitivity
Action: Adsorbtion
Side Effects: Upset stomach, vomiting

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5
Q

Oral Glucose

A

Dose: 1 tube / 10 or 15 g
Route: Oral
Indications: Hypoglycemia, blood sugar <60
Contraindications: Unable to maintain airway, decreased LOC, normal or hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity
Action: Absorbed into the system to provide glucose
Side Effects: Upset stomach, vomiting, hyperglycemia

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6
Q

Glucagon

A

Dose: Adult - 1 mg Child - .5mg (<45 Kg)
Route: IM
Indications: Unresponsive hypoglycemia
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity or protein allergy
Action: Rlease stored glucose from the liver
Side Effects: Dizzy, lightheaded

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7
Q

Oxygen

A

Dose: 4-15 L
Route: Inhalation
Indications: SOB, decreased SPO2, general pain, head injury, nausea
Contraindications: Hypoxic breather
Action: Increases oxygen saturation levels
Side Effects: Lightheaded

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8
Q

Albuterol

A

Dose: 2.5 mg in a 3 mL solution
Route: Inhalation nebulizer or metered dose inhaler
Indications: SOB with wheeze, asthma
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, tachydisrythmia
Action: Bronchodilator
Side Effects: Increased heart rate, nervousness, jitters

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9
Q

Atrovent

A

Dose: 0.5 mg in a 2.5 mL solution
Route: Inhalation nebulizer or metered dose inhaler
Indications: SOB with wheeze, asthma
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Prevents bronchospasm
Side Effects: N/A

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10
Q

Aspirin

A

Dose: 81 mg per tablet, 2-4 tablets per protocol
Route: Oral
Indications: Chest pain
Contraindications: Inability to swallow, hypersensitivity, blood thinners, maximum dose reached, stomach ulcers
Action: Reduces platelet clotting
Side Effects: N/A

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11
Q

Epinephrine

A

Dose: Adult - 0.3 mg (1:1000) Child - 0.15 mg (1:2000)
Route: IM auto injector
Indications: Anaphalaxis
Contraindications: Pregnant
Action: Bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor
Side Effects: Jitters, headache, increased heart rate

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12
Q

Narcan (Naloxone)

A

Dose: 1-2mg/mL
Route: IN
Indications: Unresponsive due to opiate overdose
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Competitive opiod antagonist
Side Effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression, may result in combativeness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and tremulousness

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13
Q

Naproxen

A

Dose: 10mg/kg (maximum of 550mg in 24 hrs)
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain
Contraindications: Pregnancy, renal failure, kidney disease, ulcers, IBS, hypersensitivity
Action: Analgesics
Side Effects: Dizziness, heasache, brusing, allergic reactions, heartburn, and stomach pain (Severe effects include increased risk of heart disease, stroke, gastrointestinal bleedings, and ulcers)

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14
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

Dose: Ex: 5 kg - 75 mg 25 kg - 375 mg 40kg - 600 mg
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain management (650mg or 15mg/kg) Fever or sepsis (650mg or 15mg/kg)
Contraindications: Known liver disease, medication allergy/sensitivity, taken acetaminophen in past 4 hours
Action: Analegesics, antipyretics
Side Effects: Headache

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15
Q

Ibuprophen

A

Dose: 10mg/kg (maximum of 650mg)
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain/Fever
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ibuprophen, active gastric ulcers, active GI bleed
Action: Analgesics, Antipyretics
Side Effects: Headache, nervousness, dizziness, edema, tinnitus, heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, anemia, prolonged bleeding, skin rash, pruritus

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16
Q

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

A

Dose: Adult - 2 sprays per affected nostril Child- 1 spray per affected nostril
Route: IN
Indications: Bloody nose (epistaxis) Allergic Reaction (hay fever)
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Vasoconstrictor
Side Effects: N/A

17
Q

Patient Assisted Nitroglycerin

A

Dose: Tablet - 0.4mg/pill Spray - 0.4mg/pump
Route: Sublingual
Indications: Chest Pain
Contraindications: Hypotension less than 100 systolic, head injury, intracranial bleeding, taken ED drugs in last 24-36 hours
Contraindications: Relaces smooth muscles, dilates periphery veins and arterioles
Side Effects: Headache, hypotensions, LOC, nausea/vomiting

18
Q

Action

A

The therapeutic effects of medication

19
Q

Adsorbtion

A

Process of binding or sticking to a surface

20
Q

Agonist

A

Medication that causesa stimulation of receptors

21
Q

Antagonist

A

Medication that binds to and blocks a receptor

22
Q

Contraindications

A

Conditions that make a particular medication inappropriate to administer

23
Q

Enternal Medications

A

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system

24
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low blood glucose level

25
Q

Intramuscular Injection (IM)

A

Injection into a muscle

26
Q

Intranasal (IN)

A

Delivery route through naris (Using a mucosal atomizer device)

27
Q

Intraosseous Injection (IO)

A

Injection into bone

28
Q

Intravenous Injection (IV)

A

Injection into vein

29
Q

Parenternal Medications

A

Medications that enter the body by aroute other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes

30
Q

PO

A

Per os, through the mouth

31
Q

PR

A

Per rectum, through the rectum

32
Q

Subcutaneous Injection (SC)

A

Injections into fatty tissue between skin and muscle

33
Q

Sublingual (SL)

A

Under the tongue

34
Q

Transcutaneous (Tansdermal)

A

Through the skin

35
Q

Unintended Effects

A

Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient

36
Q

Untoward Effects

A

Actions that can be harmful to the patient

EMT 2 (3 decks)

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