Chapter 11: Pharmacology Flashcards
6 R’s of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Route
Right Time
Right Dose
Right Documentation
Medication Profile
Contains the name of the drug, dose, route of administration, indications, contraindications, action of the drug, and the side effects
Kilogram to pounds conversion
1kg=2.2lbs
Activated Charcoal
Dose: 1-2 g/kg
Route: Oral
Indications: Oral ingested poisonings and overdose
Contraindications: Unable to maintain airway, ingestion of corrosive caustic or petroleum based substance, hypersensitivity
Action: Adsorbtion
Side Effects: Upset stomach, vomiting
Oral Glucose
Dose: 1 tube / 10 or 15 g
Route: Oral
Indications: Hypoglycemia, blood sugar <60
Contraindications: Unable to maintain airway, decreased LOC, normal or hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity
Action: Absorbed into the system to provide glucose
Side Effects: Upset stomach, vomiting, hyperglycemia
Glucagon
Dose: Adult - 1 mg Child - .5mg (<45 Kg)
Route: IM
Indications: Unresponsive hypoglycemia
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity or protein allergy
Action: Rlease stored glucose from the liver
Side Effects: Dizzy, lightheaded
Oxygen
Dose: 4-15 L
Route: Inhalation
Indications: SOB, decreased SPO2, general pain, head injury, nausea
Contraindications: Hypoxic breather
Action: Increases oxygen saturation levels
Side Effects: Lightheaded
Albuterol
Dose: 2.5 mg in a 3 mL solution
Route: Inhalation nebulizer or metered dose inhaler
Indications: SOB with wheeze, asthma
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, tachydisrythmia
Action: Bronchodilator
Side Effects: Increased heart rate, nervousness, jitters
Atrovent
Dose: 0.5 mg in a 2.5 mL solution
Route: Inhalation nebulizer or metered dose inhaler
Indications: SOB with wheeze, asthma
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Prevents bronchospasm
Side Effects: N/A
Aspirin
Dose: 81 mg per tablet, 2-4 tablets per protocol
Route: Oral
Indications: Chest pain
Contraindications: Inability to swallow, hypersensitivity, blood thinners, maximum dose reached, stomach ulcers
Action: Reduces platelet clotting
Side Effects: N/A
Epinephrine
Dose: Adult - 0.3 mg (1:1000) Child - 0.15 mg (1:2000)
Route: IM auto injector
Indications: Anaphalaxis
Contraindications: Pregnant
Action: Bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor
Side Effects: Jitters, headache, increased heart rate
Narcan (Naloxone)
Dose: 1-2mg/mL
Route: IN
Indications: Unresponsive due to opiate overdose
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Competitive opiod antagonist
Side Effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression, may result in combativeness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and tremulousness
Naproxen
Dose: 10mg/kg (maximum of 550mg in 24 hrs)
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain
Contraindications: Pregnancy, renal failure, kidney disease, ulcers, IBS, hypersensitivity
Action: Analgesics
Side Effects: Dizziness, heasache, brusing, allergic reactions, heartburn, and stomach pain (Severe effects include increased risk of heart disease, stroke, gastrointestinal bleedings, and ulcers)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Dose: Ex: 5 kg - 75 mg 25 kg - 375 mg 40kg - 600 mg
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain management (650mg or 15mg/kg) Fever or sepsis (650mg or 15mg/kg)
Contraindications: Known liver disease, medication allergy/sensitivity, taken acetaminophen in past 4 hours
Action: Analegesics, antipyretics
Side Effects: Headache
Ibuprophen
Dose: 10mg/kg (maximum of 650mg)
Route: Oral suspension
Indications: Pain/Fever
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ibuprophen, active gastric ulcers, active GI bleed
Action: Analgesics, Antipyretics
Side Effects: Headache, nervousness, dizziness, edema, tinnitus, heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, anemia, prolonged bleeding, skin rash, pruritus
Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Dose: Adult - 2 sprays per affected nostril Child- 1 spray per affected nostril
Route: IN
Indications: Bloody nose (epistaxis) Allergic Reaction (hay fever)
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Action: Vasoconstrictor
Side Effects: N/A
Patient Assisted Nitroglycerin
Dose: Tablet - 0.4mg/pill Spray - 0.4mg/pump
Route: Sublingual
Indications: Chest Pain
Contraindications: Hypotension less than 100 systolic, head injury, intracranial bleeding, taken ED drugs in last 24-36 hours
Contraindications: Relaces smooth muscles, dilates periphery veins and arterioles
Side Effects: Headache, hypotensions, LOC, nausea/vomiting
Action
The therapeutic effects of medication
Adsorbtion
Process of binding or sticking to a surface
Agonist
Medication that causesa stimulation of receptors
Antagonist
Medication that binds to and blocks a receptor
Contraindications
Conditions that make a particular medication inappropriate to administer
Enternal Medications
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose level
