Chapter 11: Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Long-standing traits and patterns

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

Behavior is triggered by forces within personality; unaware of trigger

Question 3

Unconscious

Answer 3

Contains memories, knowledge, beliefs; motivates behavior

Question 4

Id

Answer 4

Inborn part of personality; reduction of tension + maximization of satisfaction; urges

Question 5

Ego

Answer 5

Balances the Id and reality

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

Represents rights and wrongs of society as taught (prevents morally improper); conscience; ego-ideal (perfect person)

Question 7

Jung’s Collective Unconscious

Answer 7

Set of influences we inherit from relatives/society

Question 8

Adler’s Inferiority Complex

Answer 8

Situations adults haven’t overcame inferiority from children

Question 9

Traits

Answer 9

Consistent personality characteristics

Question 10

Cardinal trait

Answer 10

Single characteristic that directs most of a person’s activities

Question 11

Central trait

Answer 11

Major characteristic

Question 12

Secondary trait

Answer 12

Characteristics that affect behavior in fewer situations/less influential

Question 13

Cattell Approach

Answer 13

Summarize the relationships among a large number of variables (combinations of traits); extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism

Question 14

BF Skinner

Answer 14

Personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns (ring bell for dog w/food = salivation)

Question 15

Self-efficacy

Answer 15

Belief in one’s personal capabilities

Question 16

Self-esteem

Answer 16

Component of personality that encompasses positive/negative evaluations

Question 17

Humanistic Approach

Answer 17

Emphasize people’s basic goodness and their tendency to grow to higher levels of functioning