Chapter 11 (organic) Flashcards
What does a general formula show you?
Algebraic formula that applies to any member of a family of compounds.
What is an empirical formula?
Simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is the molecular formula?
Actual number of atoms in each element.
What is the structural formula?
Shows atoms carbon by carbon with the attcahed functional groups.
What is the skeletal formula?
Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only as well as functional groups.
What is the displayed formula?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged with all the bonds between them.
What is a homologous series?
A group of compounds that share the same functional group and can all share the same general formula .
What is the suffix of an alkane, alkene, alcohol, aldehyde ketone, amine, amides, acyl chlorides, arenes, carboxylic acid?
-ane, -ene, -ol, -al, -one, -amine, -amide, -oyl chloride, - benzene, -oic acid.
What is the prefix of a branched alkane, halogenoalkane, esters, cycloalkanes, arenes?
alkyl-, fluoro- (etc), alkyl- -oate, cyclo- -ane, phenyl-.
What is an alkane?
General formula CnH2n+2.
suffix -ane.
Hydrocarbons.
What is a halogenoalkane?
Same as alkanes but one hydrogen atom has be replaced with a halogen
What is a cycloalkane?
They have a ring of carbon atoms with two hydrogens attached to each carbon.
What is a branched alkane?
An alkane that doesn’t have all it’s carbons in one straight chain. Branches are acyl groups
What is an alkene?
Hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond.
General formula CnH2n.
Only three carbon bonds per atom making them reactive.
What is an alcohol?
Contain OH/hydroxyl functional group.
