Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology2 > Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

The urge to move towards one’s goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Needs

A

States of cellular or bodily deficiency that compel drives. These are what your body seeks like food, water, and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drives

A

Perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need. These deficiencies create a drive (thirst or hunger) to fix the state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Incentive

A

An external object or event that motivates behavior such as money or winning a championship

So needs come from the body, incentive come from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of needs and drives?

A 
Needs: Nutrients Drives: Hungry
Needs: Water Drives: Thirsty
Needs: Oxygen Drives: Suffocated
Needs: Social Contact Drives: Lonely
Needs: Pleasure Drives: Sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homeostasis

A

organisms work to maintain a Physiological balance around an optimal set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

set point

A

ideal fixed setting of a particular physiological system

For example like a thermostat in a room to make the temperature hot or colder to get it to room temperature, our bodies work the same way to get it to 98 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yekes-Dodson law

A

The principle that moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance

performance is worst when we are not very aroused (Asleep) or overly aroused (anxious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Self-actualization

A

The inherent drive to realize one’s full potential

its one the top of the pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the order from top to bottom of Hierarchy’s pyramid model?

A 
Self-actualization
Esteem needs
Love and belonginess needs
Safety and security needs
Physiological needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metabolism

A

The rate at which we consume energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four biological components of hunger

A

Stomach, blood, brain, and hormones&neurochemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is growling

A

Gastric secretions when we see food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are stomach contractions?

A

Occur two hours after stomach and intestines have been relatively empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does the stomach not necessarily cause hunger alone?

A

Some regions of the brain like the hypothalamus causes hunger psychologically. you could have ur stomach removed and still get hungry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hypothalamus

A

triggers drive to eat when sugar levels drop

regulates psychological needs of hunger. acts as sensory detector, when body sends signals to hypo for nutrients need, hyp then signals to other parts of brain whether to start or stop eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What four hormones simulate appetite?

A

Neuropeptide Y - released by hypo when animal is underfed or hungry

Ghrelin - sends signals to the brain for hunger, levels drop after eating

Orexin and Melanin - They are endocannabinoids. Natural chemicals that cause hunger. Sometimes blocked to help weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What four hormones suppress appetite?

A

Insulin - Produced by pancreas, transports glucose, high sugar stimulates it

Leptin, Peptitde YY, and Chloecystokinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do we eat WHAT we eat?

A

Influenced by external factors like culture, what you’re exposed to, even climate has an impact. People who live in Cold climates : eat raw animal fat. warm climates: spices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the motivation to be thin?

A

Food is abundant, always will be there. People live sedentary lifestyle compared to old days. Thin is more attractive, 70% girls between 14 and 21 say they’re on a diet. Obsession with thinness leads to eating disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why could some people be obese?

A

It is 70% genetic. Adopted children lead towards natural parents body state than legal parents. Genes also control the number of fat cells a person has. Every year 10% of fat cells die, then 10% of fat cells are replaced

A gene that suppresses appetite, leptin, isn’t working properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the evolutionary model?

A

purpose of organism is to survive and reproduce.

thru natural selection we want to survive.

three primary motivators are pleasure, pain, and reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sexual response and its four phases?

A 
Actions that produce arousal and increase chance of orgasm
Four phases:
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution (EPOR)
25
Q

Biology of sexual behavior?

A

Hypothalamus, testosterone in both genders

26
Q

3 socities of sexual attitudes

A

restrictive (marriage)
semirestrictive (formally against pre and extra marital sex but not forcefully forced)
permissive (few restrictions)

27
Q

Achievement motivation

A

Desire to do things well and overcome obstacles

28
Q

motivation to achieve success function of 3 things

A

motivation to succeed, expectations of success, and incentive value of the succes

29
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

Extrinsic - motivation that comes from outside a person and involves rewards/praise

if reward is removed, motivation could be gone
if it stays the same, motivation could drop

30
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation that comes from within a person

involves challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy/self-determination

31
Q

What is perceived organizational support?

A

employees beliefs about how much the organization appreciates and supports their contributions and well-being

if it happens it helps motivate the employee a lot. give them more happiness, less stressed, fewer missed days, fewer long breaks

32
Q

emotions

A

brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a meaningful situation in the persons environment

33
Q

moods

A

transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or several days

34
Q

affective traits

A

enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurrence of particular emotional states

35
Q

basic emotions

A

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise

36
Q

self-conscious emotions

A

emotions that occur as a function of how well we live up to your expectations, expectations of others, or the rules set by society

shame, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, pride

37
Q

How can emotions be organized responses?

A

When danger approaches the heart pumps blood, respitory gets more oxygen, brain tries to figure things out.

38
Q

Broaden-and-build model

A

Positive emotions widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills

39
Q

What are the four stages of emotional process?

A

Antecedent event, appraisal, emotional response, and changes in physiology

40
Q

Antecedent event

A

A situation that may lead to emotional response

41
Q

Appraisal

A

Evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to ones own welfare. Determines whether or not a situation leads to an emotion

It may happen on an automatic, unconscious level

42
Q

What is emotional regulation?

A

Cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions

43
Q

What are the two emotional regulation strategies?

A

Reappraisal - one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results

expressive suppression - involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion

44
Q

emotional response

A

emerged from events appraised as relevant to ones safety or goals.

they are the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated

45
Q

What are some physiological changes when emotions happen?

A

Increases in heart rate and the rate of respiration

46
Q

What are some changes in behavioral-expressive changes?

A

Facial expression, face, and voice change

47
Q

How do psychologists use FACS - Facial Action Coding System?

A

To see changes in behavioral-expressive way. It observes all muscle movements that are possible in human face. All facial expressions such as sadness disgust fear surprise, are all shown when people experience emotions

48
Q

What is Duchenne smile?

A

A true, genuine smile that uses the face muscles to move lip corners diagonally and the muscles that encircle the eye

49
Q

What are the two opinions regarding emotion expression (culture vs universal)

A

Culturally relative - expressions vary across cultures and could only be understood in their cultural context

Universal - expressions common to all human beings and can be seen in all cultures worldwide

50
Q

Sujective experience of emotion

A

Changes in the quality of our conscious experience that happen during emotional responses

(for ex anger feels different from sadness)

51
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion, which is thought to produce subjective emotions

A

the idea that it is perception of psychological changes that accompany emotions that produces the subjective emotional experience

people from different countries may not accurately know emotions being experienced

52
Q

What role do parts of the brain play in emotions?

A

Amygdala - plays role of appraisal, notices fear relevant info

prefrontal cortex - involved in determing options for response or reappraisal

53
Q

Neurocultural theory of emotion

A

Some facial expressions and physiological changes associated with emotion are universal and others are culturally derived

54
Q

Display rules

A

Learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to express certain emotions and to whom one should show them

55
Q

Sexes differ most in emotions

A

Women tend to talk about emotions more than men do

Description of their emotional experiences
Frequency of smiling

56
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

The ability to recognize emotions in oneself and others, empathetic understanding, and skills for regulating emotions in oneself and others

(PATHS curriculum, socioemotional learning)

57
Q

Life satisfcation

A

Overall evaluation we make of our lives

58
Q

Subjective well-being

A

state that consists of life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect

59
Q

Whats the key to happy in life: finding meaning or income

A

Meaning, income not directly related to subjective well being

Psychology2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions