Chapter 1.1 (lecture 1) Flashcards
1
Q
who studied the molecular structure of DNA, what did it do?
A
- James Watson, Francis Crick
- extracted DNA from cells
- inferred chemical basis of biological inheritance
2
Q
What are the levels (1-5) to biological organisation ? describe them
A
- biosphere (all places where life exist, and all life that exists)
- ecosystem ( all living things in a particular area, and nonliving components)
- communities (array of organisms in an ecsystem)
- population (all individuals of species within area, that interbreed)
- organisms (individual living things
3
Q
what are the levels (6-10) of biological organisation? describe them
A
- organs (a body part made up of multiple tissues having a specific function)
- tissues (group of cells working together to perfom specialised function)
- cells (fundamental unit of structure with/without division)
- organelles (components present in a cell with various functions)
- molecules (chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms)
4
Q
what is an organisms’ basic structure and function theory
A
- created 1800’s
- all living organisms made of cells (basic unit of life)
- all cells share certain characteristics
- prokaryotic (single-celled bacteria/archea)
- eukaryotic (multi-cellular, membrane enclosed organelles)
5
Q
what is a Eukaryotic cell
A
- contains membrane-enclosed organelles
- some organelles contain DNA (nucleus)
- organelles specific to cell type
6
Q
what is a prokaryotic cell?
A
- lacks a nucleus
- no membrane enclosed organelles
- smaller than eukaryotes
- single-celled bacteria/archea
7
Q
what does DNA do?
A
- units of inheritence
- encode information necessary to build all molecules synthesised in cell
- establish cells identity/function
- provide blueprint for protein synthesis
8
Q
what is the structure of DNA?
A
- two long double helix strands (made of nucleotides)
- ATCG nucleotides
9
Q
what is RNA?
A
- protein encoder
- protein manufacturer
- transcribed into mRNA, translated into amino acids
- amino acid chain forms
10
Q
what is the significance of genetic code?
A
- universality of it is strong evidence for all life being related
