Chapter 11 Learning Objectives Flashcards
Differentiate among the term’s colonization, infection, and disease.
Infection
Microbes get past host defenses, enters tissues, and multiplies.
Disease
Deviation from health that results when cumulative effects of infection, damage or disrupt tissue and organs
Normal Biota is found in humans
Skin and adjacent mucous membranes, Upper Respiratory Tract, GI Tract (including mouth), outer portion of Urethra, external genitalia, vagina, external ear canal, external eye (lids, conjunctiva)
Pathogenicity
Organisms POTENTIAL to cause disease.
Virulence
Severity of a disease caused by a particular microbe (degree of pathogenicity).
Describe adhesion of bacteria to cause infection
Adhesion is important since the body often flushes itself to try and get rid of the pathogen. Microbes gain a more stable fast hold on host tissue.
Fimbrae, surface proteins, adhesive slimes or capsules are used by what for adhesion?
Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa
Specialized receptors are used by what for adhesion?
Specialized receptors
Suckers, hooks and barbs are used by what for adhesion?
Parasitic worms
Major Characteristics of endotoxins
-Fever, inflammation, hemorrhage, and diarrhea.
-Variety of systemic effects on tissues and organs
-Only secreted by Gram Negative
Major Characteristics of exotoxins
-Created by both Gram Negative and Gram Positive bacteria
-Hemolysins: bacterial exotoxin that disrupts the cell membrane of red blood cells
Which type of bacteria possess LPS?
Gram Negative Bacteria
Most Potent endotoxin
LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) can cause shock, sepsis, fever, inflammation, hemorrhaging, and diarrhea
Localized Infection
remain confined to a specific tissue
Systemic infections
spreads to several sites and tissues—via bloodstream
Focal Infection
Spreads from (usually asymptomatic) local site and carried to other tissues
Polymicrobial Infection
several agents establish themselves simultaneously at infection site
Primary Infection
Initial infection
Secondary Infection
second infection caused by different microbe
Acute Infection
infection comes on rapidly, severe, but short-lived effects
Chronic Infection
Infection progresses and persists over long period of time
Stages of Course of Infection
- Incubation period
- Predromal stage
- Acute phase
- Convalescent period
- Continuation period
1st Mode of Transmission of Infectious Agents
Direct Contact:
close contact between people
