Chapter 11 Key Terms

Question 1

adrenal glands

Answer 1

triangle-shaped gland that sits atop each kidney; releases hormones that control metabolism, water, and sodium levels, blood sugar levels, reproductive function, and response to stress

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

body system consisting of glands and hormones that maintain homeostasis

Question 3

endocrinologist

Answer 3

physician who studies and treats diseases of the endocrine system

Question 4

endocrinology

Answer 4

study of the endocrine system

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

a state of physiological equilibrium or stability

Question 6

hormones

Answer 6

chemical substances that travel in the bloodstream to targeted glands or organs and are critical to homeostasis and normal body function

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

part of the anterior brain that regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sleep and emotions

Question 8

ovaries

Answer 8

female reproductive glands

Question 9

pancreas

Answer 9

gland behind the stomach that regulates insulin and glucose production and secretes digestive enzymes

Question 10

parathyroid glands

Answer 10

4 glands situated behind the thyroid gland, help metabolize calcium and phosphorus

Question 11

pineal gland

Answer 11

small, pinecone shaped structure in the brain that secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep

Question 12

pituitary gland

Answer 12

small, gray, rounded gland attached to the base of the brain; secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and various metabolic activities

Question 13

testes

Answer 13

male reproductive glands

Question 14

thymus gland

Answer 14

located above the heart; important in the development of immunity in newborns

Question 15

thyroid gland

Answer 15

gland in the base of the neck, located in front of and on both sides of the upper part of the trachea and the lower part of the larynx; plays a vital role in metabolism and other life-sustaining functions