Chapter 11: Intro to Genetics

Question 0

Fertilization

Answer 0

Process in sexual reproduction in which the egg and sperm cells join to form a new cell

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Specific characteristic of an individual

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait, factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

One of a number of different forms of a gene

Question 6

Principle of Dominance

Answer 6

Mendel’s second conclusion which states some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 7

Segregation

Answer 7

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 8

Gamete

Answer 8

sex cell

Question 9

Probability

Answer 9

Likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 12

Phenotypes

Answer 12

Physical characters of an organism

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 14

Punnett Square

Answer 14

Diagram that can used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

Question 15

Independent Assortment

Answer 15

One of Mendel’s principles which states the genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

Situation where one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype lying somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. (EX: Red, white, and pink flowers)

Question 17

Codominance

Answer 17

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed (EX: Black and white chickens)

Question 18

Multiple Alleles

Answer 18

A gene that has more than two alleles

Question 19

Polygenic trait

Answer 19

Trait controlled by two or more genes

Question 20

Homologous

Answer 20

Term used to describe chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and the other set comes from the female parent

Question 21

Diploid

Answer 21

Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 22

Haploid

Answer 22

Term used to refer to a cell that only contains a single set of genes

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 24

Tetrad

Answer 24

Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

Question 25

Crossing-over

Answer 25

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 26

Zygote

Answer 26

fertilized egg