Chapter 11: Intraspecific Population Regulation Flashcards
Reduction in reproduction or survival under low population densities
Allee effect
(K)
Number of individual organisms the resources of a given area can support, usually through the most unfavorable period of the year
Carrying capacity
Mathematical expression for the population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increases
Logistic model of population growth
Logistic equation
Regulation of population growth by mechanisms controlled by the size of the population
Effect increases as population size increases
Density dependence
Decline in fecundity (birth) rate with increasing population size
Density-dependent fecundity
Increase in mortality (death) rate with increasing population size
Density-dependent mortality
Being unaffected by population density
Regulation of growth is not tied to population density
Density independence
Any interaction that is mutually detrimental to both participants, occurring between species that share limited resources
Competition
Intraspecific competition in which limited resources are shared to the point that no individual survives
Scramble competition
Competition in which a limited resource is shared only by dominant individuals
A relatively constant number of individuals survive, regardless of initial density
Contest competition
Competition among individuals of the same species
Intraspecific competition
Competition by a group or groups of organisms that reduces a resource to a point that adversely affects other organisms
Exploitation competition
Competition in which access to a resource is limited by the presence of a competitor
Interference competition
An inverse relationship between population density and individual growth
Density-dependent growth
Progressive decline in density of plants and increase in biomass (growth) of remaining individuals caused by the combined effects of density-dependent mortality and growth within a population
Self-thinning social behavior
A form of contest competition in which part of the population is excluded from reproduction
Territoriality
Explain territoriality
A form of contest competition in which part of the population is excluded from reproduction
The non-reproducing individuals act as a floating reserve of potential breeders, available to replace losses of territory holders
In such a manner, territoriality can act as a population-regulating mechanism
Area defended by an animal
Varies among animal species according to social behavior, social organization, and resource requirements
Territory
Size of a population that, with a given probability, will ensure the population’s existence for a stated period of time
Minimum viable population (MVP)
Area of suitable habitat necessary for maintaining a minimum viable population
Minimum dynamic area (MDA)
