Chapter 11 - Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 3

Trait

Answer 3

Specific characteristic of an individual

Question 4

Hybrid

Answer 4

Offspring of crosses between parents with different ttraits

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

One of a number of different forms of a gene

Question 7

Princple of Dominance

Answer 7

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are odminant and others are recessive

Question 8

Segregation

Answer 8

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 9

Gametes

Answer 9

sex cells

Question 10

Probability

Answer 10

Likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 13

Punnett Square

Answer 13

diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

Physical characteristics of an organism

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

Genetic make-up of an organism

Question 16

Independent Assortment

Answer 16

One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 17

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 17

one is not dominant over the other

Question 18

Codominance

Answer 18

both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype

Question 19

Multiple Allele

Answer 19

3+ alleles for the same gene

Question 20

Polygenic Traits

Answer 20

trait controlled by 2+ genes

Question 21

Homologous

Answer 21

term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 23

Haploid

Answer 23

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

Question 24

Meiosis

Answer 24

process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 25

Tetrad

Answer 25

structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis

Question 26

Crossing-over

Answer 26

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 27

Gene Map

Answer 27

Diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene in a particular chromosome