Chapter 11: Forgetting Flashcards
Cue-dependent forgetting
Forgetting that results from the absence of cues that were present during training.
Declarative memory
Memories that can be declared or expressed in words. Said to be knowing that. Also called explicit memory. (C’. nondeclarative memory.)
Delayed matching to sample
A method of measuring forgetting in which the opportunity to match a sample follows a retention interval. Abbreviated DMTS.
Episodic memory
Memory for personally experienced events. Also called autobiographical or event memory.
Extinction method
A method of measuring forgetting by comparing the rate of extinction after a retention interval with the rate of extinction immediately after training.
Fluency
Number of correct responses per minute. In general, a fluent performancee is smooth, accurate, and relatively rapid. Also called automaticity.
Forgetting
Deterioration in learned behavior following a period without practice. (C’. extinction; reminiscence.)
Free recall
A method of measuring forgetting that consists of providing the opportunity to perform the learned behavior. (C’. prompted recall.)
Gradient degradation
A method of measuring forgetting in which a behavior is tested for generalization before and after a retention interval. A flattening of the generalization gradient indicates forgetting.
Long-term memory
Memory for events following a retention interval longer than one minute and sometimes many years. (C’. short-term memory.)
Method of loci
A mnemonic system in which each item to be recalled is placed in a distinctive spot in an imagined scene, such as a walking path.
Mnemonic
Any technique for aiding recall.
Mnemonic system
Any of several systems for aiding recall, including the method of loci and the peg word system.
Nondeclarative memory
Memory that cannot be declared or expressed in words. Pavlovian conditioning is one example; another is procedural memory. Also called implicit memory.
Overlearning
The continuation of training beyond the point required to produce one errorless performance.
Paired associate learning
A learning task involving pairs of words or other stimuli in which the subject is presented with the first item of a pair and is expected to produce the second item.
Peg word system
A mnemonic system in which each of the first n integers is associated with a particular image (a peg), and each item to be recalled is placed on a peg.
Proactive interference
Forgetting caused by learning that occurred prior to the behavior in question.
Procedural memory
Memory for procedures. Procedural memory is said to involve knowing how. It is a kind of nondeclarative or implicit memory. Popularly referred to as muscle memory, though the memory does not reside in muscles.
Prompted, or cued, recall
A method of measuring forgetting in which hints (prompts) about the behavior to be performed are provided.
Recognition
A method of measuring forgetting in which the subject is required to identify stimuli experienced earlier.
Relearning method
A method of measuring forgetting in which a behavior is learned to criterion before and after a retention interval. Also called the savings method.
Reminiscence
Improvement in performance following a retention interval.
Retention interval
The time between training and testing for forgetting.
