Chapter 11-Endocrine Glands Flashcards
The chemical classes of hormones
Amines
Polypeptides
Glycoproteins
Steroids
Prohormones
Inactive precursor molecules made in the endocrine glands
Example: proinsulin
Prehormones
Normal secretions of endocrine gland that must be converted to other derivatives by target cells in order to activate
Ex. T4
Synergistic
Hormones work together to produce a particular result
Additive
Type of synergistic interaction in which the hormones produce the same result in the same way (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Complementary
Type of synergistic interaction in which the hormones produce a different affect resulting in one common affect (lactation)
Permissive effect
One hormone enhances the sensitivity of the target organ to another hormone
Priming or upregulation
Increase in the number of receptor proteins for a hormone
Downregulation
Decrease in the number of protein receptors caused by continued exposure of high concentrations of hormone
Examples of amines (4)
Epinephrine, T3, T4, melatonin
Examples of polypeptides (5)
ADH, Insulin, GH, Glucagon, Oxytocin
Examples of Glycoproteins (3)
FSH, LH, TSH
Examples of Steroids (4)
Testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol
Polar hormones
Epinephrine, polypeptide hormones, glycoprotein hormones
Nonpolar hormones
T3, T4, melatonin, steroid hormones
