CHAPTER 11: ENDOCRINE

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

ductless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood or other bodily fluids

Question 2

three major structural classes of hormones:

Answer 2

1) amines
2) peptides & proteins
3) steriods

Question 3

amine hormones

Answer 3

derivatives of amino acid tyrosine: examples are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

Question 4

how many adrenal glands?

Answer 4

2 (one above each kidney)

Question 5

adrenal medulla

Answer 5

-located in each adrenal gland, secretes catecholamines (norepinephrine + epinephrine) into BLOOD
-cell bodies do not have axons

Question 6

adrenal cortex

Answer 6

secretes steroid hormones

Question 7

dopamine is released into a special circulatory system called:

Answer 7

portal system (which carries it to pituitary gland)

Question 8

peptide hormones are synthesized as large molecules called _____ which are then cleaved to _____ by proteolytic enzymes in rough ER

Answer 8

preprohormones, prohormones

Question 9

post-translational modification

Answer 9

prohormone packaged into secretory vesicles by golgi apparatus and then is cleaved to yield active hormone and other peptide chains

Question 10

peptide hormone processing

Answer 10

synthesis: preprohormone –> prohormone
packaging: prohormone –> hormone
storage: hormone stored in secretory vesicles
secretion: hormone is secreted via exocytosis

Question 11

vitamin ___ is enzymatically converted in the body to an active steroid hormone

Answer 11

vitamin D

Question 12

five major hormones secreted from adrenal cortex

Answer 12

-corticosterone
-aidosterone
-cortisol
-androstendione
-dehydroepiandrosterone