chapter 11 CMC

Question 1

Aggresion

Answer 1

Any behavior intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally

Question 2

androcentrism

Answer 2

The belief that the male is the norm

Question 3

androgyny

Answer 3

The coexistence of both masculine and feminine personality traits in an individual.

Question 4

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 4

The right and left halves of the cerebrum, which is the convoluted outer layer of the brain.

Question 5

corpus callosum

Answer 5

The band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 6

Expressiveness

Answer 6

A style of communication characterized by the ability to express tender emotions easily and to be sensitive to the feelings of others

Question 7

Gender

Answer 7

The state of being male or female

Question 8

Gender roles

Answer 8

Cultural expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each gender.

Question 9

Gender Shemas

Answer 9

Cognitive structures that guide the processing of gender–relevant information.

Question 10

Gender stereotypes

Answer 10

Widely shared beliefs about males’ and females’ abilities, personality traits, and social behavior

Question 11

Gender role identity

Answer 11

A person’s identification with the traits regarded as masculine or feminine

Question 12

gender–role transcendence perspective

Answer 12

The idea that to be fully human, people need to move beyond gender roles as a way of organizing the world and of perceiving themselves and others.

Question 13

Hormones

Answer 13

Chemical substances released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands

Question 14

instrumentality

Answer 14

A style of communication that focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems.

Question 15

Meta analysis

Answer 15

A statistical technique that evaluates the results of many studies on the same question.

Question 16

Sexism

Answer 16

Discrimination against people on the basis of their sex.

Question 17

Sexual harrassment

Answer 17

The subjection of individuals to unwelcome sexually oriented behavior

Question 18

social constructionism

Answer 18

The assertion that individuals construct their own reality based on societal expectations, conditioning, and self–socialization

Question 19

Social role theory

Answer 19

The assertion that minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that males and females occupy.

Question 20

Socialization

Answer 20

The process by which individuals acquire the norms and roles expected of people in a particular society.

Question 21

When Pat takes a personality inventory, the resulting scores on the subscales that measure masculinity and femininity are both low. This pattern of scoring is called:

a. bisexual.

b. androgyny.	
c. androcentrism.	
d. gender-role undifferentiated.

Answer 21

D

Question 22

An ________ style of communication focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems.

a. operant

b. expressive	
c. instrumental	
d. androgynous

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Research indicates that more ________ attempt suicide, but more ________ complete it.

a. adults; children

b. There are no demographic predictors of suicide.	
c. men; women	
d. women; men

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Men seem to be experiencing a “masculinity crisis” due to:

a. females not males seem to be experiencing the crisis.

b. shifting male gender roles.	
c. economic displacement.	
d. female infringement on traditional male roles.Research on gender differences in mathematical ability indicates that:

Answer 24

B

Question 25

A young girl is more likely than a young boy to engage in which of the following behaviors?

a. Hitting another child

b. Pushing another child	
c. Threatening another child	
d. Spreading rumors about another child

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Research on gender differences in mathematical ability indicates that:

a. girls are more precocious than boys in mathematics.

b. boys generally do better than girls on mathematical analogies.	
c. girls outperform boys at the high end of the mathematical ability distribution.	
d. boys slightly outperform girls in mathematical problem-solving when they reach high school

Answer 26

D

Question 27

The notion that cerebral specialization is linked to gender differences in mental abilities:

a. is still under debate.

b. has no basis in scientific fact.	
c. is based primarily on anecdotal evidence.	
d. has been consistently supported by research.

Answer 27

A

Question 28

The marriage and motherhood mandates fuel women’s intense focus on ________, that is, learning how to attract and interest males as prospective mates.

a. sexual orientation

b. heterosexual success	
c. reproductive fitness	
d. the self-reliant mandate

Answer 28

B

Question 29

The fact that gender stereotypes view male behavior as normal reflects an ________ bias.

a. egocentric

b. ethnocentric	
c. androcentric	
d. androgynous

Answer 29

C

Question 30

According to ________, the tendency to look for gender differences, as well as our specific beliefs about gender, is rooted in the “gendered” messages and conditioning that are common in our socialization experiences.

a. evolutionary psychology

b. social learning theory	
c. social constructionism	
d. the theory of cognitive dissonance

Answer 30

c

Question 31

Women are most likely to hold which of the following jobs?

a. Clergy

b. Physician	
c. College teacher	
d. Kindergarten teacher

Answer 31

D