Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DSE Biology > Chapter 11: Cell cycle and division > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cell cycle and division Flashcards

1
Q

Cell activities during interphase

A
  • carry out DNA replication
  • carry out their functions
  • synthesize new organelles
  • grow to its maximum size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mitosis - Prophase

A

Chromosomes thicken and shorten and become visible under a microscope.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitosis - Metaphase

A

Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mitosis - Anaphase

A

Spindle fibres contract.
**Sister chromatids **move to the 2 opposite poles of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mitosis - Telophase

A

Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin again
A new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meiosis I - Prophase I

A

Chromosomes thicken and shorten and become visible under a microscope.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates
Homologous chromosomes pair up.
Crossing over may occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meiosis I - Metaphase I

A

Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell randomly (Independent assortment occurs)
Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meiosis I - Anaphase I

A

Spindle fibres contract.
Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meiosis I - Telophase I

A

A new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meiosis II - Prophase II

A

Chromosomes thicken and shorten and become visible under a microscope.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meiosis II - Metaphase II

A

Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meiosis II - Anaphase II

A

Spindle fibres contract.
Sister chromatids move to the 2 opposite poles of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meiosis II - Telophase II

A

Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin again
A new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crossing over (Meiosis)

A

Matching regions of chromosomes cross over each other to form X-shaped structures called chiasma
At the chiasma, chromosomes break, exchange corresponding parts and rejoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Independent assortment (Meiosis)

A

Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell randomly
Each pair of homologous chromosomes sort paternal chromosome and maternal chromosomes into daughter cells independent of the other pairs of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mitotic cell division VS Meiotic cell division: Genetic composition of daughter cells

A

Mitotic: Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other
Reason:
- Interphase before cell division) DNA replication occurs
- Metaphase) Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
Identical sister chromatids are separated and divided equally into 2 daughter cells

Meiotic: Daughter cells are genetically different due to crossing over and independent assortment in Meiosis I

17
Q

Mitotic cell division VS Meiotic cell division: number of daughter cells and number of chromsomes of daughter cells

A

Number of daughter cells
Mitotic: 2 (1 division)
Meiotic: 4 (2 divisions)

Number of chromosomes of daughter cells (parent cell: 2n)

Mitotic: 2n // diploid // same as parent cell
(homologous chromosomes do not separate)
Meiotic n // haploid // half of parent cell
(homologous chromosomes separate)

18
Q

Mitotic cell division VS Meiotic cell division: Significance

A

Mitosis:
For growth and repair, asexual reproduction

Meiosis:
* Form haploid gametes so that the diploid number of chromosomes can be restored after fertilization
* Result in (note: not increase) genetic variation to increase the chance of survival when environmental conditions change

19
Q

Mitotic cell division VS Meiotic cell division: Site of occurence

A

Mitotic:
Most body cells (except gametes, RBCs and xylem)

Meiotic:
- Humans: testes, ovaries
- Plants: anthers, ovules

20
Q

Cytokinesis: Animal cell

A

Cell membrane constricts inwards until the cell spilts into two
Cleavage furrow is formed

21
Q

Cytokinesis: Plant cell

A

Cell plate

DSE Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions