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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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2
Q

The innermost layer of the arteries are lined with epithelial cells called

A

endothelium

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3
Q

Smaller branches of arteries

A

arterioles

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4
Q

_____ have walls that are old one endothelial cell in thickness

A

capillaries

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5
Q

Waste-filled blood then flows back to the heart in small _____

A

venules

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6
Q

_____ have thinner walls compared with arteries and conduct blood toward the heart from the tissues

A

veins

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7
Q

In order to keep blood moving back toward the heart, veins have ____ that prevent the back flow of blood and keep the blood moving in one direction

A

valves

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8
Q

The three types of blood vessels

A

artery, vein, and capillary

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9
Q

Blood that is deficient in oxygen flows through two large, the ____ _____ on its way from the tissue capillaries to the heart

A

vanae cavae

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10
Q

Oxygen-poor blood enters the ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ and travels through the side and into the pulmonary artery

A

right side of the heart

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11
Q

Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart and travels through the side and into the _____ ______; a vessel that divides in two

A

pulmonary artery

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12
Q

The arteries continue dividing and subdividing within the lungs, forming smaller and smaller vessels and finally reaching the ____ ____

A

lung capillaries

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13
Q

The _____ _____ are unusual in that they are the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood

A

pulmonary veins

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14
Q

The circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again is the _____ ______

A

pulmonary circulation

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15
Q

oxygen rich blood enters the ____ side of the heart

A

left

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16
Q

The muscles in the left side of the heart pump the blood out of the heart through the largest single artery in the body, the ______

A

aorta

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17
Q

The ____ arteries supply blood to the head and neck

A

carotid

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18
Q

This chemical process also releases _____ _____ as a waste product

A

carbon dioxide

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19
Q

The carotid arteries (large arterial vessels) branch further to form smaller ________

A

arterioles

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20
Q

The arterioles (contain oxygen rich blood) branch into smaller ____ _____

A

tissue capillaries

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21
Q

The blood returning to the heart from tissue capillaries through _____ and _____ is filled with carbon dioxide but is depleted of oxygen

A

venules and veins

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22
Q

The pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart is the ____ _____

A

systemic circulation

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23
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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24
Q

Lower tip of the heart

A

apex of the heart

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25
Q

small artery

A

arteriole

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26
Q

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Think “away”

A

artery

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27
Q

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

A

atrioventricular bundle

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28
Q

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria

A

atrioventricular node

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29
Q

On of two upper chambers of the heart

A

atrium

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30
Q

Smallest blood vessel

A

capillary

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31
Q

Gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

A

carbon dioxide

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32
Q

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

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33
Q

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

A

diastole

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34
Q

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart

A

electrocardiogram

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35
Q

inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

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36
Q

innermost lining of the blood vessels

A

endothelium

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37
Q

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

A

mitral valve

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38
Q

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

A

murmur

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39
Q

muscular, middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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40
Q

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

A

normal sinus rhythm

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41
Q

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all bod cells

A

oxygen

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42
Q

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

A

pacemaker

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43
Q

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

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44
Q

Artery carrying oxygen-for blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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45
Q

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

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46
Q

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

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47
Q

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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48
Q

beat of the heart

A

pulse

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49
Q

partition or wall dividing a cavity

A

septum

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50
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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51
Q

instrument to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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52
Q

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

A

systemic circulation

53
Q

contraction phase of the heartbeat

A

systole

54
Q

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets

A

tricuspid valve

55
Q

structure in veins or. in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows only one direction

A

valve

56
Q

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart

A

vein

57
Q

largest vein in the body

A

vena cava

58
Q

one of two lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricule

59
Q

small vein

A

venule

60
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

61
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

62
Q

arter/o; arteri/o

A

artery

63
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

64
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

65
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

66
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

67
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

68
Q

coron/o

A

heart

69
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

70
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

71
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

72
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

73
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

74
Q

rhythm/o

A

rhythm

75
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

76
Q

steth/o

A

chest

77
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

78
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

valve

79
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

80
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

81
Q

ven/o; ven/i

A

vein

82
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

83
Q

valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

84
Q

smallest blood vessel

A

capillary

85
Q

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

86
Q

largest artery in the body

A

aorta

87
Q

brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body

A

superior vena cava

88
Q

upper chamber of the heart

A

atrium

89
Q

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart

A

pulmonary artery

90
Q

small artery

A

arteriole

91
Q

valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

mitral valve

92
Q

brings blood from the lower half o the body to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

93
Q

small vein

A

venule

94
Q

lower chamber of the heart

A

ventricle

95
Q

the pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

96
Q

the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart is the

A

pericardium

97
Q

the wall of the hear between the right and the left atria is the

A

interatrial septum

98
Q

the relaxation phase of the heartbeat is called

A

diastole

99
Q

specialized conductive tissue in the wall between the ventricles is the

A

atrioventricular bundle

100
Q

the inner lining of the heart is the

A

endocardium

101
Q

the contractive phrase of the heartbeat is called

A

systole

102
Q

a gas released as a metabolic product of catabolism

A

carbo dioxide

103
Q

specialized conductive tissue at the base of the wall between the two upper heart chambers is the

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

104
Q

the inner lining of the pericardium, adhering to the outside of the heart is the

A

visceral pericardium

105
Q

an abnormal sound due to the improper closure of heart valves is a

A

murmur

106
Q

lessons that form on heart valves after damage by infection

A

vegetations

107
Q

clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel

A

emboli

108
Q

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

A

petechiae

109
Q

listening with a stethoscope

A

auscultation

110
Q

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

111
Q

high blood pressure related to kidney disease

A

essential hypertension

112
Q

high blood pressure related to kidney disease

A

secondary hypertension

113
Q

episodes of ischemia with polar and numbness in fingers and toes caused by a temporary contraction of arterioles in the skin

A

Raymond disease

114
Q

local widening of an artery

A

aneurysm

115
Q

pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun

A

claudication

116
Q

blockage of arteries in the lower extremities; etiology is atherosclerosis

A

peripheral arterial disease

116
Q

cardiac serum enzyme test for myocardial infarction

A

cTnl or cTnT

117
Q

booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a cannula leading to the heart s a “bridge to transplant”

A

LVAD

118
Q

ultrasound imaging of the heart using transducer within the esophagus

A

TEE

119
Q

device implanted in the chest that senses and corrects arrhythmia by shocking the heart

A

ICD

120
Q

catheter delivery of high-frequency current to damage a small portion of the heart muscle and reverse an abnormal heart rhythm

A

RFA

121
Q

procedure to determine the hearts response to physical exertion

A

ETT

122
Q

cardiac imaging using high-frequency sound waves pulsed through the chest awl and bounced off heart structures

A

ECHO

123
Q

radioactive test of heart function with stress test

A

ETT-MIBI

124
Q

techniques using heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is being repaired

A

ECMO

125
Q

biventricular pacing to correct serious abnormal ventricular rhythms

A

CRT

126
Q

lipoprotein sample is measured

A

LDL

127
Q

brain chemical measured to identify patients at risk from complications after MI and with CHF

A

BNP

128
Q
A

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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