Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Kathleen Carpenter

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arteries

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The innermost layer of the arteries are lined with epithelial cells called

endothelium

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Smaller branches of arteries

arterioles

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_____ have walls that are old one endothelial cell in thickness

capillaries

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Waste-filled blood then flows back to the heart in small _____

venules

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_____ have thinner walls compared with arteries and conduct blood toward the heart from the tissues

veins

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In order to keep blood moving back toward the heart, veins have ____ that prevent the back flow of blood and keep the blood moving in one direction

valves

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The three types of blood vessels

artery, vein, and capillary

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Blood that is deficient in oxygen flows through two large, the ____ _____ on its way from the tissue capillaries to the heart

vanae cavae

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Oxygen-poor blood enters the ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ and travels through the side and into the pulmonary artery

right side of the heart

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Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart and travels through the side and into the _____ ______; a vessel that divides in two

pulmonary artery

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The arteries continue dividing and subdividing within the lungs, forming smaller and smaller vessels and finally reaching the ____ ____

lung capillaries

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The _____ _____ are unusual in that they are the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood

pulmonary veins

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The circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again is the _____ ______

pulmonary circulation

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oxygen rich blood enters the ____ side of the heart

left

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The muscles in the left side of the heart pump the blood out of the heart through the largest single artery in the body, the ______

aorta

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The ____ arteries supply blood to the head and neck

carotid

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This chemical process also releases _____ _____ as a waste product

carbon dioxide

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The carotid arteries (large arterial vessels) branch further to form smaller ________

arterioles

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The arterioles (contain oxygen rich blood) branch into smaller ____ _____

tissue capillaries

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The blood returning to the heart from tissue capillaries through _____ and _____ is filled with carbon dioxide but is depleted of oxygen

venules and veins

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The pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart is the ____ _____

systemic circulation

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Largest artery in the body

aorta

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Lower tip of the heart

apex of the heart

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small artery

arteriole

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body Think "away"

artery

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

atrioventricular bundle

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria

atrioventricular node

On of two upper chambers of the heart

atrium

Smallest blood vessel

capillary

Gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

carbon dioxide

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

coronary arteries

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

diastole

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart

electrocardiogram

inner lining of the heart

endocardium

innermost lining of the blood vessels

endothelium

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

mitral valve

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

murmur

muscular, middle layer of the heart

myocardium

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

normal sinus rhythm

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all bod cells

oxygen

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

pacemaker

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

pericardium

Artery carrying oxygen-for blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary artery

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

pulmonary circulation

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

pulmonary valve

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

pulmonary vein

beat of the heart

pulse

partition or wall dividing a cavity

septum

pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial node

instrument to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

systemic circulation

contraction phase of the heartbeat

systole

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets

tricuspid valve

structure in veins or. in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows only one direction

valve

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart

vein

largest vein in the body

vena cava

one of two lower chambers of the heart

ventricule

small vein

venule

angi/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o; arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o

heart

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

ox/o

oxygen

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o

vein

rhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o, valv/o

valve

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

ven/o; ven/i

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle

tricuspid valve

smallest blood vessel

capillary

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary vein

largest artery in the body

aorta

brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body

superior vena cava

upper chamber of the heart

atrium

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart

pulmonary artery

small artery

arteriole

valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle

mitral valve

brings blood from the lower half o the body to the heart

inferior vena cava

small vein

venule

lower chamber of the heart

ventricle

the pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial (SA) node

the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart is the

pericardium

the wall of the hear between the right and the left atria is the

interatrial septum

the relaxation phase of the heartbeat is called

diastole

specialized conductive tissue in the wall between the ventricles is the

atrioventricular bundle

the inner lining of the heart is the

endocardium

the contractive phrase of the heartbeat is called

systole

a gas released as a metabolic product of catabolism

carbo dioxide

specialized conductive tissue at the base of the wall between the two upper heart chambers is the

atrioventricular (AV) node

the inner lining of the pericardium, adhering to the outside of the heart is the

visceral pericardium

an abnormal sound due to the improper closure of heart valves is a

murmur

lessons that form on heart valves after damage by infection

vegetations

clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel

emboli

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

petechiae

listening with a stethoscope

auscultation

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

rheumatic heart disease

high blood pressure related to kidney disease

essential hypertension

high blood pressure related to kidney disease

secondary hypertension

episodes of ischemia with polar and numbness in fingers and toes caused by a temporary contraction of arterioles in the skin

Raymond disease

local widening of an artery

aneurysm

pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun

claudication

blockage of arteries in the lower extremities; etiology is atherosclerosis

peripheral arterial disease

cardiac serum enzyme test for myocardial infarction

cTnl or cTnT

booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a cannula leading to the heart s a "bridge to transplant"

LVAD

ultrasound imaging of the heart using transducer within the esophagus

TEE

device implanted in the chest that senses and corrects arrhythmia by shocking the heart

ICD

catheter delivery of high-frequency current to damage a small portion of the heart muscle and reverse an abnormal heart rhythm

RFA

procedure to determine the hearts response to physical exertion

ETT

cardiac imaging using high-frequency sound waves pulsed through the chest awl and bounced off heart structures

ECHO

radioactive test of heart function with stress test

ETT-MIBI

techniques using heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is being repaired

ECMO

biventricular pacing to correct serious abnormal ventricular rhythms

CRT

lipoprotein sample is measured

LDL

brain chemical measured to identify patients at risk from complications after MI and with CHF

BNP