Chapter 11: Book Notes Flashcards
The nervous system uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body. The gathered information is called:
Sensory Input
The nervous system is what?!
The master controlling and communicating system of the body.
The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment- a process called:
Integration
The nervous system activates effector organs- the muscles and the glands- to cause a response, called:
Motor Output
You are driving and see a red light ahead. This is an example of what?!
Sensory Input
You know that red means “stop”. This is an example of what?!
Integration
Your foot goes for the brake. This is an example of what?!
Motor Output
Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which occupy the dorsal body cavity.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?!
The PNS consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
The PNS has two functional subdivisions. What are they called?!
1) Sensory (afferent) division
2) Motor (efferent) division
Define the sensory division of the PNS.
Consists of nerve fibers (axons) that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body.
Define the motor division of the PNS.
Transmits impulses away from the CNS to effector organs, which are muscles and glands.
Name the two main parts of the motor division.
1) Somatic (Voluntary) Nervous System
2) Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System
Composed of somatic motor nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.
It allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles.
Somatic Nervous System
This division of the nervous system consists of visceral motor nerve fibers that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.
Autonomic Nervous System
Name the 6 types of neuroglia.
CNS: 1) astrocytes 2) microglial cells 3) ependymal cells 4) oligodendrocytes PNS: 5) satellite cells 6) Schwann cells
What is neuroglia?!
“Nerve glue”/ glial cells
List some characteristics of astrocytes.
- shaped like delicate branching sea anemones
- the most abundant and versatile glial cells
- support and brace the neurons
- anchor neurons to their nutrient supply lines
- cling to neurons & their synaptic endings, and cover nearby capillaries
List some characteristics of microglial cells.
- small & ovoid with relatively long “thorny” processes
- their processes touch nearby neurons to monitor health
- migrate toward injured or troubled neurons
List some characteristics of ependymal cells.
- “wrapping garment”
- range from squamous to columnar
- ciliated
- line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord
List some characteristics of oligodendrocytes.
- branch out
- have fewer processes than astrocytes
- line up along the thicker nerve fibers in the CNS and wrap their processes tightly around the fibers
List some characteristics of satellite cells.
- surround neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
- thought to have many of the same functions in the PNS as astrocytes do in the CNS
- name comes from a fancied resemblance to the moons around a planet
List some characteristics of Schwann cells
- also called neurolemmocytes
- surround all nerve fibers in the PNS
- forms myelin sheaths around the thicker nerve fibers
- similar to the function of oligodendrocytes
- vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.
