Chapter 11: Book Notes

Question 0

The nervous system uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body. The gathered information is called:

Answer 0

Sensory Input

Question 1

The nervous system is what?!

Answer 1

The master controlling and communicating system of the body.

Question 2

The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment- a process called:

Answer 2

Integration

Question 3

The nervous system activates effector organs- the muscles and the glands- to cause a response, called:

Answer 3

Motor Output

Question 4

You are driving and see a red light ahead. This is an example of what?!

Answer 4

Sensory Input

Question 5

You know that red means “stop”. This is an example of what?!

Answer 5

Integration

Question 6

Your foot goes for the brake. This is an example of what?!

Answer 6

Motor Output

Question 7

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which occupy the dorsal body cavity.

Answer 7

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 8

What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?!

Answer 8

The PNS consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

The PNS has two functional subdivisions. What are they called?!

Answer 9

1) Sensory (afferent) division

2) Motor (efferent) division

Question 10

Define the sensory division of the PNS.

Answer 10

Consists of nerve fibers (axons) that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body.

Question 11

Define the motor division of the PNS.

Answer 11

Transmits impulses away from the CNS to effector organs, which are muscles and glands.

Question 12

Name the two main parts of the motor division.

Answer 12

1) Somatic (Voluntary) Nervous System

2) Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System

Question 13

Composed of somatic motor nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.

It allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles.

Answer 13

Somatic Nervous System

Question 14

This division of the nervous system consists of visceral motor nerve fibers that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.

Answer 14

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 15

Name the 6 types of neuroglia.

Answer 15

CNS:
1) astrocytes
2) microglial cells
3) ependymal cells
4) oligodendrocytes
PNS:
5) satellite cells
6) Schwann cells

Question 16

What is neuroglia?!

Answer 16

“Nerve glue”/ glial cells

Question 17

List some characteristics of astrocytes.

Answer 17

• shaped like delicate branching sea anemones
• the most abundant and versatile glial cells
• support and brace the neurons
• anchor neurons to their nutrient supply lines
• cling to neurons & their synaptic endings, and cover nearby capillaries

Question 18

List some characteristics of microglial cells.

Answer 18

• small & ovoid with relatively long “thorny” processes
• their processes touch nearby neurons to monitor health
• migrate toward injured or troubled neurons

Question 19

List some characteristics of ependymal cells.

Answer 19

• “wrapping garment”
• range from squamous to columnar
• ciliated
• line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 20

List some characteristics of oligodendrocytes.

Answer 20

• branch out
• have fewer processes than astrocytes
• line up along the thicker nerve fibers in the CNS and wrap their processes tightly around the fibers

Question 21

List some characteristics of satellite cells.

Answer 21

• surround neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
• thought to have many of the same functions in the PNS as astrocytes do in the CNS
• name comes from a fancied resemblance to the moons around a planet

Question 22

List some characteristics of Schwann cells

Answer 22

• also called neurolemmocytes
• surround all nerve fibers in the PNS
• forms myelin sheaths around the thicker nerve fibers
• similar to the function of oligodendrocytes
• vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.