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A&p Chapter 11 Blood > Chapter 11 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of transportation

A

nutrients and waste gases and hormones

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2
Q

what are examples of regulation

A

acid base balance . body temperature. fluid electrolyte balance

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3
Q

what are examples of protection

A

blood clotting and destroys pathogens

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4
Q

amount of blood within the body

A

4-6 liters

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5
Q

the blood cells make up how much of total blood

A

38% to 48%

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6
Q

blood plasma makes up how much of total blood

A

52% to 62%

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7
Q

normal ph range of blood is what

A

7.35 to 7.45

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8
Q

the ph range is slightly what

A

alkaline

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9
Q

viscosity of blood refers to what

A

thickness

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10
Q

what makes blood more viscous than water

A

the presence of cells and plasma proteins

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11
Q

blood plasma is approximately how much water

A

91%

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12
Q

two substances that are transported in dissolved form in the plasma

A

nutrients and waste products

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13
Q

carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in the form of the

A

bicarbonate ions

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14
Q

hemopoietic tissue means what

A

a tissue in which blood cells are formed

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15
Q

after birth the primary hemopoietic tissue is

A

redbone marrow (found in flat and irregular bones)

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16
Q

in red blood marrow what is it called the precursor cell for blood cells

A

stem cells

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17
Q

what process do cells contantly undergo

A

mitosis

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18
Q

what are the type of cells fprmed in red bone marrow

A

rbcs wbs and platelets

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19
Q

lymphatic tissue is found in lymphatic organs such as

A

spleen lymphnodes and the thymus

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20
Q

the stem cells of lymphatic tissue produce the wbcs called

A

lymphocytes

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21
Q

red blood cells are also called what and where are they found

A

erythocytes red bone marrow

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22
Q

what cellular structure do mature rbcs lack

A

a nucleus

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23
Q

describe the appearance of rbcs

A

biconcave disc

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24
Q

in the embryo where are rbcs first produced

A

yolk sac

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25
Q

before red bone marrow takes over two fetal organs contribute to rbc production. what are they

A

liver and spleen

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26
Q

what is the oxygen carrying protein in rbcs

A

hemoglobin

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27
Q

the oxygen carrying mineral in rbcs is

A

iron

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28
Q

when do rbcs pick up oxygen

A

when they circulate through the pulmonary capillaries (in the lungs)

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29
Q

the major regulating factor for rbc production is the amount of what in the blood and tissues

A

oxygen

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30
Q

what does hypoxemia mean

A

low blood oxygen level

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31
Q

what does hypoxia mean

A

low oxygen in tissue

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32
Q

when hypoxia occurs the kidneys produce what hormone

A

eythropoietin

33
Q

in rbc formation the last stage with a nucleus is called what

A

normoblast

34
Q

the stage in which fragments of the er are present is what

A

reticulocyte

35
Q

when immature rbcs are present in large numbers in circulating blood it means that there is not enough what

A

mature cells to transport oxygen throughout the body

36
Q

nurtients needed for rbc formation

A

protein and iron

37
Q

where is the intrinsic factor produced

A

stomach lining

38
Q

what does the intrinsic factor do

A

prevent digestion of vitamin b12 and promote absorption in small intestines

39
Q

life span of rbcs

A

120 days

40
Q

where are macrophages that phagocytize old rbcs

A

liver spleen and bone marrow

41
Q

how does the colon eliminate bilirubin

A

feces

42
Q

iron from old rbcs are stored where

A

liver

43
Q

range for a normal rbc count is

A

4.5 to 6.0

44
Q

the range of a normal hematocrit level is

A

38%-48%

45
Q

the range of normal hemoglobin is

A

12 -18

46
Q

the 2 most important rbc type are the

A

ABO group and the Rh factor

47
Q

how many blood types do the ABO group contain

A

4- A,B,AB, O

48
Q

white blood cells are also called what

A

leukocytes

49
Q

the 5 kinds of wbcs are seperated into two groups what are they

A

granular and agranular

50
Q

what are the granular wbcs

A

neutrophils eosinophils and basophils

51
Q

what are the agranular wbcs

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

52
Q

what is a band cell

A

an immature neutrophil

53
Q

what is the general function of wbcs

A

protect body from pathogens and provide immunity

54
Q

the most abundant phagocytes

A

neutrophils

55
Q

becomes macrophages to phagocytize pathogens or damaged tissue

A

monocytes

56
Q

help recognize foriegn antigens

A

t lymphocytes

57
Q

become plasma cells that produce antibodies

A

b lymphocytes

58
Q

contains histamine which contributes inflammation and contains heparin to prevent abnormal blood clotting

A

basophils

59
Q

detoxify foreign antigens and is important in allergic reactions and parasitic infections

A

eosinphils

60
Q

normal range for wbcs

A

5,000-10,000

61
Q

a high wbc count is called what and what does it indicate

A

leukocytosis and infection

62
Q

a low wbc count is called what and what is it caused by

A

leukopenia and radiation

63
Q

normal range for neutrophils

A

55%-70%

64
Q

normal range for lymphocytes

A

20%-35%

65
Q

nomal range for monocytes

A

3%-8%

66
Q

normal range for eosinophils

A

1%-3%

67
Q

normal range for basophils

A

0.5%-1%

68
Q

the most abundant plasma. protein ;synthesized by only the liver

A

albumin

69
Q

pulls tissue fluid into caplillaries to maintain bliod volume

A

albumin

70
Q

includes fibrinogen and prothrombin and is synthesized by only the liver

A

clotting factors

71
Q

helps prevent blood loss when blood vessels rupture

A

clotting factors

72
Q

included antibodies and is synthesized by lymphocytes or by the liver

A

goblins

73
Q

include carrier molecules for fats in the blood

A

globins

74
Q

the mineral needed for chemical clotting is

A

calcium

75
Q

a blood clot is made up of

A

fibrin

76
Q

an abnormal clot that forms on a rough surface in a intact vessel is called

A

a thrombus

77
Q

in chemical clotting fibrinogen is split to fibrin by

A

thrombin

78
Q

the wbcs that carry out most phagocytosis of pathogens are

A

monocytes and neutrophils

79
Q

what is the function of the erthypoietin

A

imcrease rbc production

A&p Chapter 11 Blood (1 decks)

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