Chapter 11 Blood

Question 1

what are examples of transportation

Answer 1

nutrients and waste gases and hormones

Question 2

what are examples of regulation

Answer 2

acid base balance . body temperature. fluid electrolyte balance

Question 3

what are examples of protection

Answer 3

blood clotting and destroys pathogens

Question 4

amount of blood within the body

Answer 4

4-6 liters

Question 5

the blood cells make up how much of total blood

Answer 5

38% to 48%

Question 6

blood plasma makes up how much of total blood

Answer 6

52% to 62%

Question 7

normal ph range of blood is what

Answer 7

7.35 to 7.45

Question 8

the ph range is slightly what

Answer 8

alkaline

Question 9

viscosity of blood refers to what

Answer 9

thickness

Question 10

what makes blood more viscous than water

Answer 10

the presence of cells and plasma proteins

Question 11

blood plasma is approximately how much water

Answer 11

91%

Question 12

two substances that are transported in dissolved form in the plasma

Answer 12

nutrients and waste products

Question 13

carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma in the form of the

Answer 13

bicarbonate ions

Question 14

hemopoietic tissue means what

Answer 14

a tissue in which blood cells are formed

Question 15

after birth the primary hemopoietic tissue is

Answer 15

redbone marrow (found in flat and irregular bones)

Question 16

in red blood marrow what is it called the precursor cell for blood cells

Answer 16

stem cells

Question 17

what process do cells contantly undergo

Answer 17

mitosis

Question 18

what are the type of cells fprmed in red bone marrow

Answer 18

rbcs wbs and platelets

Question 19

lymphatic tissue is found in lymphatic organs such as

Answer 19

spleen lymphnodes and the thymus

Question 20

the stem cells of lymphatic tissue produce the wbcs called

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

red blood cells are also called what and where are they found

Answer 21

erythocytes red bone marrow

Question 22

what cellular structure do mature rbcs lack

Answer 22

a nucleus

Question 23

describe the appearance of rbcs

Answer 23

biconcave disc

Question 24

in the embryo where are rbcs first produced

Answer 24

yolk sac

Question 25

before red bone marrow takes over two fetal organs contribute to rbc production. what are they

Answer 25

liver and spleen

Question 26

what is the oxygen carrying protein in rbcs

Answer 26

hemoglobin

Question 27

the oxygen carrying mineral in rbcs is

Answer 27

iron

Question 28

when do rbcs pick up oxygen

Answer 28

when they circulate through the pulmonary capillaries (in the lungs)

Question 29

the major regulating factor for rbc production is the amount of what in the blood and tissues

Answer 29

oxygen

Question 30

what does hypoxemia mean

Answer 30

low blood oxygen level

Question 31

what does hypoxia mean

Answer 31

low oxygen in tissue

Question 32

when hypoxia occurs the kidneys produce what hormone

Answer 32

eythropoietin

Question 33

in rbc formation the last stage with a nucleus is called what

Answer 33

normoblast

Question 34

the stage in which fragments of the er are present is what

Answer 34

reticulocyte

Question 35

when immature rbcs are present in large numbers in circulating blood it means that there is not enough what

Answer 35

mature cells to transport oxygen throughout the body

Question 36

nurtients needed for rbc formation

Answer 36

protein and iron

Question 37

where is the intrinsic factor produced

Answer 37

stomach lining

Question 38

what does the intrinsic factor do

Answer 38

prevent digestion of vitamin b12 and promote absorption in small intestines

Question 39

life span of rbcs

Answer 39

120 days

Question 40

where are macrophages that phagocytize old rbcs

Answer 40

liver spleen and bone marrow

Question 41

how does the colon eliminate bilirubin

Answer 41

feces

Question 42

iron from old rbcs are stored where

Answer 42

liver

Question 43

range for a normal rbc count is

Answer 43

4.5 to 6.0

Question 44

the range of a normal hematocrit level is

Answer 44

38%-48%

Question 45

the range of normal hemoglobin is

Answer 45

12 -18

Question 46

the 2 most important rbc type are the

Answer 46

ABO group and the Rh factor

Question 47

how many blood types do the ABO group contain

Answer 47

4- A,B,AB, O

Question 48

white blood cells are also called what

Answer 48

leukocytes

Question 49

the 5 kinds of wbcs are seperated into two groups what are they

Answer 49

granular and agranular

Question 50

what are the granular wbcs

Answer 50

neutrophils eosinophils and basophils

Question 51

what are the agranular wbcs

Answer 51

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 52

what is a band cell

Answer 52

an immature neutrophil

Question 53

what is the general function of wbcs

Answer 53

protect body from pathogens and provide immunity

Question 54

the most abundant phagocytes

Answer 54

neutrophils

Question 55

becomes macrophages to phagocytize pathogens or damaged tissue

Answer 55

monocytes

Question 56

help recognize foriegn antigens

Answer 56

t lymphocytes

Question 57

become plasma cells that produce antibodies

Answer 57

b lymphocytes

Question 58

contains histamine which contributes inflammation and contains heparin to prevent abnormal blood clotting

Answer 58

basophils

Question 59

detoxify foreign antigens and is important in allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Answer 59

eosinphils

Question 60

normal range for wbcs

Answer 60

5,000-10,000

Question 61

a high wbc count is called what and what does it indicate

Answer 61

leukocytosis and infection

Question 62

a low wbc count is called what and what is it caused by

Answer 62

leukopenia and radiation

Question 63

normal range for neutrophils

Answer 63

55%-70%

Question 64

normal range for lymphocytes

Answer 64

20%-35%

Question 65

nomal range for monocytes

Answer 65

3%-8%

Question 66

normal range for eosinophils

Answer 66

1%-3%

Question 67

normal range for basophils

Answer 67

0.5%-1%

Question 68

the most abundant plasma. protein ;synthesized by only the liver

Answer 68

albumin

Question 69

pulls tissue fluid into caplillaries to maintain bliod volume

Answer 69

albumin

Question 70

includes fibrinogen and prothrombin and is synthesized by only the liver

Answer 70

clotting factors

Question 71

helps prevent blood loss when blood vessels rupture

Answer 71

clotting factors

Question 72

included antibodies and is synthesized by lymphocytes or by the liver

Answer 72

goblins

Question 73

include carrier molecules for fats in the blood

Answer 73

globins

Question 74

the mineral needed for chemical clotting is

Answer 74

calcium

Question 75

a blood clot is made up of

Answer 75

fibrin

Question 76

an abnormal clot that forms on a rough surface in a intact vessel is called

Answer 76

a thrombus

Question 77

in chemical clotting fibrinogen is split to fibrin by

Answer 77

thrombin

Question 78

the wbcs that carry out most phagocytosis of pathogens are

Answer 78

monocytes and neutrophils

Question 79

what is the function of the erthypoietin

Answer 79

imcrease rbc production