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ANAPHY > Chapter 11 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Three main functions of blood

A

Transport, Regulation, Protection

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2
Q

Total blood volume of plasma

A

55%

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3
Q

What is plasma?

A

Pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells

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4
Q

What are the plasma proteins?

A

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

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5
Q

Total blood volume of formed elements?

A

45%

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6
Q

What are the components of formed elements?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)

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7
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Hematopoiesis is the process that produces formed elements.

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8
Q

In the fetus, where can hematopoiesis occur?

A

liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow..

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9
Q

Where are all the formed elements derived from?

A

Single population of cells called stem cells or hemocytoblasts.

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10
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Also known as red blood cells and is a disk-shaped cell with thick edges.

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11
Q

Lifespan of erythrocytes

A

120 days in males and 110 days in females

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12
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport oxygen to tissues

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13
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Main component of erythrocytes that transports oxygen.

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14
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin with an oxygen attached.

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15
Q

What happens when there is a decrease in blood oxygen levels?

A

It causes the kidney to increase production of erythropoietin.

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16
Q

____ stimulates red bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes.

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

Increased erythrocytes cause an increase in _______?

A

Blood oxygen levels

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18
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

Also known as white blood cells and they are larger that erythrocytes.

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19
Q

What do erythrocytes have that leukocytes do not have?

A

Hemoglobin

20
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

It fights infection and remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis.

21
Q

What are the types of leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

22
Q

Most common type of leukocytes.

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

It contains specific granules that include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

24
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

It phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances.

25
Q

It is the least common type of leukocyte?

A

Basophils

26
Q

What is the function of the basophils?

A

It releases histamine and other chemical that promote inflammation and heparin which prevents the formation of clots.

27
Q

This type of leukocyte is involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma.

A

Eosinophils

28
Q

What is the function of Eosinophils?

A

Involved in destroying certain worm parasites.

29
Q

What is agranulocytes?

A

No specific granules

30
Q

These are the largest sized white blood cells.

A

Monocytes

31
Q

Monocytes become _____ that ingest microorganisms and cellular debris.

A

macrophages

32
Q

This type of leukocyte is involved in antibody production and other immune responses.

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

Cell types found in lymphocytes

A

T cells and B cells

34
Q

_____ are minute fragments of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane.

A

Platelets

35
Q

Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called

A

megakaryocytes

36
Q

What is the role of the platelets?

A

Preventing blood loss.

37
Q

3 main process of preventing blood loss.

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation)

38
Q

What happens in a vascular spasm?

A

an immediate but temporary constriction of blood vessel occurs when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts.

39
Q

It is stimulated by chemicals released by cells of the damaged blood vessel wall and by platelets.

A

Vascular spasm

40
Q

_____ involves the activation, aggregation, and adherence of platelets into a plug that serves as a barrier against blood flow.

A

Platelet plug formation

41
Q

What is a clot?

A

It is a network of thread-like proteins called fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets and fluid.

42
Q

What are the clotting factors?

A
  • proteins in plasma
  • only activated in following injury
  • made in liver
  • require vitamin K for their synthesis
43
Q

What prevents clot from forming?

A

Anticoagulants

44
Q

Examples of anticoagulants

A

heparin and antithrombin

45
Q

What is clot retraction?

A

Condensing of clot and the serum in plasma is squeezed out of clot

46
Q

What is the function of clot retraction?

A

It helps enhance healing

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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