Chapter 11 Blood

Question 1

Three main functions of blood

Answer 1

Transport, Regulation, Protection

Question 2

Total blood volume of plasma

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

What is plasma?

Answer 3

Pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells

Question 4

What are the plasma proteins?

Answer 4

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Question 5

Total blood volume of formed elements?

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

What are the components of formed elements?

Answer 6

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 7

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 7

Hematopoiesis is the process that produces formed elements.

Question 8

In the fetus, where can hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 8

liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow..

Question 9

Where are all the formed elements derived from?

Answer 9

Single population of cells called stem cells or hemocytoblasts.

Question 10

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 10

Also known as red blood cells and is a disk-shaped cell with thick edges.

Question 11

Lifespan of erythrocytes

Answer 11

120 days in males and 110 days in females

Question 12

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 12

Transport oxygen to tissues

Question 13

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 13

Main component of erythrocytes that transports oxygen.

Question 14

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin with an oxygen attached.

Question 15

What happens when there is a decrease in blood oxygen levels?

Answer 15

It causes the kidney to increase production of erythropoietin.

Question 16

____ stimulates red bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes.

Answer 16

Erythropoietin

Question 17

Increased erythrocytes cause an increase in _______?

Answer 17

Blood oxygen levels

Question 18

What are leukocytes?

Answer 18

Also known as white blood cells and they are larger that erythrocytes.

Question 19

What do erythrocytes have that leukocytes do not have?

Answer 19

Hemoglobin

Question 20

What is the function of leukocytes?

Answer 20

It fights infection and remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis.

Question 21

What are the types of leukocytes?

Answer 21

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

Question 22

Most common type of leukocytes.

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

What are granulocytes?

Answer 23

It contains specific granules that include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Question 24

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 24

It phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances.

Question 25

It is the least common type of leukocyte?

Answer 25

Basophils

Question 26

What is the function of the basophils?

Answer 26

It releases histamine and other chemical that promote inflammation and heparin which prevents the formation of clots.

Question 27

This type of leukocyte is involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma.

Answer 27

Eosinophils

Question 28

What is the function of Eosinophils?

Answer 28

Involved in destroying certain worm parasites.

Question 29

What is agranulocytes?

Answer 29

No specific granules

Question 30

These are the largest sized white blood cells.

Answer 30

Monocytes

Question 31

Monocytes become _____ that ingest microorganisms and cellular debris.

Answer 31

macrophages

Question 32

This type of leukocyte is involved in antibody production and other immune responses.

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

Cell types found in lymphocytes

Answer 33

T cells and B cells

Question 34

_____ are minute fragments of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane.

Answer 34

Platelets

Question 35

Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called

Answer 35

megakaryocytes

Question 36

What is the role of the platelets?

Answer 36

Preventing blood loss.

Question 37

3 main process of preventing blood loss.

Answer 37

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation)

Question 38

What happens in a vascular spasm?

Answer 38

an immediate but temporary constriction of blood vessel occurs when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts.

Question 39

It is stimulated by chemicals released by cells of the damaged blood vessel wall and by platelets.

Answer 39

Vascular spasm

Question 40

_____ involves the activation, aggregation, and adherence of platelets into a plug that serves as a barrier against blood flow.

Answer 40

Platelet plug formation

Question 41

What is a clot?

Answer 41

It is a network of thread-like proteins called fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets and fluid.

Question 42

What are the clotting factors?

Answer 42

- proteins in plasma - only activated in following injury - made in liver - require vitamin K for their synthesis

Question 43

What prevents clot from forming?

Answer 43

Anticoagulants

Question 44

Examples of anticoagulants

Answer 44

heparin and antithrombin

Question 45

What is clot retraction?

Answer 45

Condensing of clot and the serum in plasma is squeezed out of clot

Question 46

What is the function of clot retraction?

Answer 46

It helps enhance healing