Chapter 11- Basics of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
What do saturated and unsaturated mean?
Saturated - no double C=C bond
Unsaturated - one or more double C=C bond
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds (compounds that contain C atoms) with similar properties that differ from each other by one methylene (CH2 ) group.
What is a functional group?
The part of an organic compound that determines its chemical properties.
What are the bond angles around a carbon in an alkane?
109.5 degrees
Define aliphatic compounds.
Hydrocarbons where carbons are joined in open chains and not aromatic rings.
Define alicyclics compounds.
Hydrocarbons where the carbons are joined together rings, branched or unbranched.
Define aromatic compounds.
Hydrocarbons where some or all of the carbons are found in benzene rings.
Name and describe the three aliphatic hydrocarbons required to know.
Alkanes- contains single carbon carbon bonds .
Alkenes- contains at least one double carbon carbon bond.
Alkynes- contains at least one triple carbon carbon bond.
What do the stem , prefix and suffix say about the structure of the organic molecule?
Stem- the number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain
Prefix- often indicates presence fo side chains or groups
Suffix- indicates functional groups
What is special about the way carbon forms bonds?
It can form 4 covalent bonds, and these can be single, double or triple.
Name the first ten alkanes and alkenes.
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane (same for alkenes)
Name general formula for alkyls.
CnH2n+1
What is the prefix of alicyclic compounds?
Cyclo-
What is the formula of benzene?
C6H6
