Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A saturated hydrocarbon only has single bonds. Whereas an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains multiple bonds.

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties differing by the addition of a group.

Question 4

What is a functional group ?

Answer 4

The part of the organic molecule that is responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

Question 5

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 5

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in straight chains.

Question 6

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures.

Question 7

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 7

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

Question 8

What is the difference between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes?

Answer 8

Alkanes - single carbon carbon bonds
Alkenes - one or more carbon carbon double bond
Alkynes - one or more carbon carbon triple bond

Question 9

What are the names of the first ten alkanes?

Answer 9

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane, Nonane and Decane.

Question 10

What is the functional group and suffix for an alkene?

Answer 10

C=C

-ene

Question 11

What is the functional group and suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 11

• OH

- ol

Question 12

What is the functional group and prefix for a haloalkane?

Answer 12

-Cl / -Br / -I

Chloro- / Bromo- / Iodo-

Question 13

What is the functional group and suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 13

• CHO

- al

Question 14

What is the functional group and suffix for a ketone?

Answer 14

• C(CO)C-

- one

Question 15

What is the functional group and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 15

• COOH

- oic acid

Question 16

What is a general formula?

Answer 16

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.

Question 17

What is displayed formula?

Answer 17

Shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds.
(The one you draw out)

Question 18

What is structural formula?

Answer 18

Shows which groups are bonded together.

(Written one) i.e. CH3CH2CH3

Question 19

How is skeletal formula formed?

Answer 19

Remove all of the carbon and hydrogen labels from carbon chains,
Remove any bonds to hydrogen atoms.

Question 20

How does skeletal formula work?

Answer 20

A line represents a single bond
An intersection of two lines represents a carbon atom
The end of a line represents a -CH3 group

Question 21

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 21

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 22

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 22

When a covalent bond breaks, each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons.

Question 23

What is formed after homolytic fission?

Answer 23

Two atoms with an unpaired electron

Called radicals

Question 24

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 24

When a covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms takes both of the elcetrons.

Question 25

What is formed from heterolytic fission?

Answer 25

A positive ion and a negative ion.

Question 26

What are curly arrows used to show?

Answer 26

The movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made.

Question 27

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 27

Two reactants join together to form one product.

Question 28

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 28

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 29

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 29

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one.