Chapter 11 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the definition of empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound.
What is the definition of general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.
What is the definition of displayed formula?
Shows relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.
What is structural formula?
Uses smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.
What is molecular formula?
Shows number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
E.g. ethanol C2H6O
What is a substitution reaction?
An atoms/group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.
Definition of curly arrows.
Show the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made.
What is an addition reaction?
2 reactants join to form 1 product
What is an elimination reaction?
Involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one.
1 reactant form 2 products (not always)
What is homolytic fission?
CB breaks by homolytic fission, each of bonded atoms take 1 of shared pair of electrons from bond.
Form radicals
Definition of radical.
An atom or groups of atom with an unpaired electron.
What is heterolytic fission?
CB breaks by hetereolytic fission, 1 of bonded atoms take BOTH of electrons from the bond.
Forms negative and positive ions.
Name the 2 types of bond fission.
Heterolytic and homolytic fission
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures , with or without branches.
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched (straight), or unbranched or non-aromatic rings.
