Chapter 11: Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

General formula

Answer 1

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

Question 2

General formula of an alkane

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

General formula of an alkene

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

General formula of an alcohol

Answer 4

CnH2n+1OH

Question 5

General formula of a carboxylic acid

Answer 5

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 6

General formula of a ketone

Answer 6

CnH2nO

Question 7

Empirical formula

Answer 7

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 8

Molecular formula

Answer 8

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 9

Structural formula

Answer 9

Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrocarbons and functional groups

Question 10

Skeletal formula

Answer 10

Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups

Question 11

Displayed formula

Answer 11

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and the bonds between them

Question 12

Hydrocarbon

Answer 12

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

Question 13

Saturated

Answer 13

Single bonds only

Question 14

Unsaturated

Answer 14

Carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 15

Homologous series

Answer 15

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties who’s successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group.

Question 16

Aliphatic

Answer 16

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

Question 17

Alicyclic

Answer 17

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches.

Question 18

Aromatic

Answer 18

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 19

Aldehyde suffix

Answer 19

-al

Question 20

Ketone suffix

Answer 20

-one

Question 21

Carboxylic acid suffix

Answer 21

-oic acid

Question 22

Ester suffix

Answer 22

-oate

Question 23

Acyl chloride suffix

Answer 23

-oyl chloride

Question 24

Amine prefix and suffix

Answer 24

Amino-
-amine

Question 25

Nitrile suffix

Answer 25

-nitrile

Question 26

Structural isomers

Answer 26

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 27

Chain isomers

Answer 27

In chain isomers, the carbon chain is arranged differently. The isomers will have similar chemical properties but different physical properties

Question 28

Positional isomers

Answer 28

In positional isomers, the functional group is attached to a different carbon atom. The isomers will have similar chemical properties but different physical properties.

Question 29

Functional group isomers

Answer 29

Functional group isomers contain different functional groups and so are members of different homologous series. The isomers will have different chemical properties and different physical properties.

Question 30

Homolytic fission

Answer 30

When the covalent bond breaks, each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond.

Question 31

Heterolytic fission

Answer 31

When a covalent bond breaks by heterolytic fission, one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond.

Question 32

Radical

Answer 32

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron

Question 33

Curly arrow

Answer 33

The movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made

Question 34

Addition reactions

Answer 34

Two reactants join together to form one product

Question 35

Substitution reaction

Answer 35

An atom or group of atoms in replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 36

Elimination reaction

Answer 36

Involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one