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Chem Module 4 - Core organic chemistry and analysis > Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group

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2
Q

What is a functional group?

A

the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties

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3
Q

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

carbon atoms joined together to each other in unbranched or branched chains

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4
Q

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon atoms joined to each other in ring structures

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5
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

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6
Q

what are the first four alkanes?

A

methane, ethane, propane and butane

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7
Q

What prefix do alicyclic alkanes have?

A

cyclo

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8
Q

What functional group has a c to c double bond?

A

alkene

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9
Q

What functional group has an OH?

A

Alcohol

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10
Q

What functional group has -Cl, -Br and -I ?

A

Haloalkane

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11
Q

What functional group has - CHO?

A

Aldehyde

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12
Q

What functional group has -C(CO)C- ?

A

Ketone

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13
Q

What functional group has -COOH ?

A

Carboxylic acid

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14
Q

What functional group has a -COOC- ?

A

ester

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15
Q

What functional group has -COCl ?

A

acyl chloride

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16
Q

What functional group has a -NH2 ?

A

amine

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17
Q

What functional group has a -CN?

A

nitrile

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18
Q

what is the prefix for alcohols?

A

hydroxy-

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19
Q

What is the prefix for haloalkanes?

A

chloro- bromo- iodo-

20
Q

What is the prefix for amine?

A

amino-

21
Q

what is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

22
Q

what is the suffix for alcohols?

A

-ol

23
Q

what is the suffix for an aldehyde?

A

-al

24
Q

what is the suffix for a ketone?

A

-one

25
Q

what is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

26
Q

what is the suffix for an ester?

A

-oate

27
Q

what is the suffix for an acyl chloride?

A

-oyl chloride

28
Q

what is the suffix for an amine?

A

-amine

29
Q

what is the suffix for a nitrile?

A

-nitrile

30
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

Shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

31
Q

what is empirical formulae?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

32
Q

What is general formulae?

A

simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homogolous series

33
Q

What is a displayed formula?

A

shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

34
Q

What is structural formulae?

A

used the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

35
Q

what is skeletal formulae?

A

shows the carbon skeleton and any functional groups

36
Q

What are structural isomerisms?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

37
Q

what are the two ways covalent bonds can be broken?

A

homolytic fission and heterolytic fission

38
Q

what happens during homolytic fission?

A

each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

39
Q

what type of atom is a result of homolytic fission?

A

a radical

40
Q

what happens during heterolytic fission?

A

one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

41
Q

what is the result of heterolytic fission?

A

a negative and a positive ion

42
Q

what do curly arrows show in a reaction mechanism?

A

the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made

43
Q

what is addition?

A

when two reactants join together to form one product

44
Q

what is substitution?

A

when an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

45
Q

what is elimination?

A

involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. one reactant molecule forms two products

Chem Module 4 - Core organic chemistry and analysis (7 decks)

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