chapter 11: basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

what does modern organic chemistry study?

Answer 1

structure, properties, composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-containing compounds.

Question 2

what aspects of modern life are organic compounds part of?

Answer 2

pharmaceuticals
detergents
dyes
plastics

Question 3

how many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

compound containing carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 5

what is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 5

contains single bonds only.

Question 6

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds.

Question 7

what is a homologous series?

Answer 7

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive numbers differ by the addition of a CH2 group.

Question 8

what is a functional group?

Answer 8

part of the molecule responsible for the chemical properties.

Question 9

what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 9

carbon atoms attached in branched or unbranched chains.

Question 10

what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 10

carbon atoms are joined in a ring, with or without branches.

Question 11

what is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 11

some or all carbons are in a benzene ring.

Question 12

what does the stem of the name of a hydrocarbon indicate?

Answer 12

the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain of the molecule.

Question 13

what does a prefix on a hydrocarbon indicate?

Answer 13

presence of side chains or a functional group.

Question 14

what does a suffix on a hydrocarbon indicate?

Answer 14

functional group

Question 15

what is an alkyl group?

Answer 15

hydrogen atom is removed from the parent chain.

Question 16

what is the suffix for an alkyl group?

Answer 16

-yl

Question 17

what is the prefix for an acyclic alkane?

Answer 17

cyclo-

Question 18

what is the functional group for an alkene?

Answer 18

C double bonded to C

Question 19

what is the functional group for an alcohol?

Answer 19

-OH

Question 20

what is the functional group for an aldehyde?

Answer 20

-CHO

Question 21

what is the functional group for a haloalkane?

Answer 21

-Br, -I, -Cl

Question 22

what is the functional group for a ketone?

Answer 22

-C(CO)C-

Question 23

what is the functional group for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 23

-COOH

Question 24

what is the molecular formula?

Answer 24

shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Question 25

what is the empirical formula?

Answer 25

simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound.

Question 26

what is the general formula?

Answer 26

simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.

Question 27

what is the displayed formula?

Answer 27

shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.

Question 28

what is structural formula?

Answer 28

uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 29

what is skeletal formula?

Answer 29

simplified organic formula.
carbon and hydrogen labels are removed.

Question 30

what does a line in skeletal formula show?

Answer 30

single bond

Question 31

what does an intersection of two lines in skeletal formula show?

Answer 31

carbon atom

Question 32

what does the end of a line in skeletal formula show?

Answer 32

-CH3

Question 33

what are structural isomers?

Answer 33

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.