Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A saturated hydrocarbon only has single bonds. Whereas an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains multiple bonds.

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties differing by the addition of a group.

Question 4

What is a functional group ?

Answer 4

The part of the organic molecule that is responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

Question 5

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 5

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in straight chains.

Question 6

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures.

Question 7

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 7

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

Question 8

What is the difference between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes?

Answer 8

Alkanes - single carbon carbon bonds
Alkenes - one or more carbon carbon double bond
Alkynes - one or more carbon carbon triple bond

Question 9

What is the functional group and suffix for an alkene?

Answer 9

C=C

-ene

Question 10

What is the functional group and suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 10

• OH

- ol c-oh

Question 11

What is the functional group and prefix for a haloalkane?

Answer 11

-Cl / -Br / -I

Chloro- / Bromo- / Iodo-

Question 12

What is the functional group and suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 12

• CHO
• ends in ‘al ‘

h-c=o
h-c-h

Question 13

What is the functional group and suffix for a ketone?

Answer 13

• C(CO)C-
• ends in ‘one ‘

c
c=o
c

Question 14

What is the functional group and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 14

• COOH
• oic acid

O=c-OH
H- c-H

Question 15

What is a general formula?

Answer 15

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.

Question 16

What is displayed formula?

Answer 16

Shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds.
(The one you draw out)

Question 17

What is structural formula?

Answer 17

Shows which groups are bonded together.

(Written one) i.e. CH3CH2CH3

Question 18

How is skeletal formula formed?

Answer 18

Remove all of the carbon and hydrogen labels from carbon chains,
Remove any bonds to hydrogen atoms.

Question 19

How does skeletal formula work?

Answer 19

A line represents a single bond
An intersection of two lines represents a carbon atom
The end of a line represents a -CH3 group

Question 20

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 20

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 21

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 21

When a covalent bond breaks, each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons.

Question 22

What is formed after homolytic fission?

Answer 22

Two atoms with an unpaired electron

Called radicals

Question 23

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 23

When a covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms takes both of the elcetrons.

Question 24

What is formed from heterolytic fission?

Answer 24

A positive ion and a negative ion.

Question 25

What are curly arrows used to show?

Answer 25

The movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made.

Question 26

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 26

Two reactants join together to form one product.

Question 27

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 27

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 28

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 28

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one.

Question 29

What are the names of the first ten alkanes?

Answer 29

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane, Nonane and Decane.