Chapter 11 Basic Concepts

Question 1

Definition of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen ONLY

Question 2

Functional group?

Answer 2

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties

Question 3

Homologous series

Answer 3

A family of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group

Question 4

Homolytic fission?

Answer 4

The breaking of a covalent bond with each bonded atom taking one of the shared pair of e from the bond.

Question 5

What is the molecular and general formula of an alcohol?

Answer 5

Molecular ; CnH2n+2O

General ; CnH2n+1OH

Question 6

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 6

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

Define homolytic fission

Answer 7

When a covalent bond is broken,each one of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond, forms two highly reactive free radicals each with an unpaired electron represented by a dot.

Question 8

A radical/radicals is formed in homolytic fission- what is a radical?

Answer 8

An atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron

Question 9

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 9

When a covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms take both of the electrons , forming a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.

Question 10

What do curly arrows represent?

Answer 10

Movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made

Question 11

What happens in an addition reaction?

Answer 11

Two reactants join together to form one product

Question 12

What happens in a substitution reaction?

Answer 12

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 13

define general formula

Answer 13

simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 14

displayed formula

Answer 14

a formula which shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them

Question 15

3 hydrocarbon types

Answer 15

aliphatic
alicyclic
aromatic

Question 16

functional group

Answer 16

the group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 17

chain isomers

Answer 17

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement f the carbon chain

Question 18

structural isomers

Answer 18

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 19

stereoisomers

Answer 19

compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 20

how does E/Z isomerism arise?

Answer 20

arises because rotation around the double bond is restricted and the groups attached to each Carbon atom are therefore fixed relative to each other, because of the rigidity of the position of the pie bonds density above and below the pane of the sigma bond.

Question 21

what are the two conditions needed to satisfy E/Z isomerism?

Answer 21

• a C-c double bond

- different groups attached to each carbon atom of the double bond.

Question 22

when can the cahn-ingold-prelog nomenclature rules be used?

Answer 22

cis-trans system of naming can only be used when each carbon atom of the double bond is attached to a single H atom.