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Chemistry II Final Exam > Chapter 11 and 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 and 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a solution?

A

When the components of a mixture are uniformly intermingled and homogeneous

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2
Q

Because a mixture has variable composition, what must be specified?

A

The relative amount of substances in a solution

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3
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution with relatively little solute present

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4
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution with a relatively large amount of solute present

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5
Q

What are often used to describe solution content?

A

Dilute and concentrated

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6
Q

What is molarity?

A

The number of moles of solute per liter solution

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7
Q

What is mass percent?

A

The percent by mass of the solute in the solution

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8
Q

What is the formula for mass percent?

A

(mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

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9
Q

What is mole fraction?

A

The ratio of the number of moles of a given component to the total number of moles of solution

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10
Q

What is molality?

A

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

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11
Q

What is normality?

A

The number of equivalents per liter of solution

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12
Q

For oxidation reduction reaction, what is the equivalent?

A

The quantity of oxidizing or reducing agent that can accept of furnish 1 mole of electrons

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13
Q

What can the equivalent mass of an oxidizing or reducing agent be calculated from?

A

The number of electrons in its half reaction

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14
Q

What is the cardinal rule of solubility?

A

Like dissolves like

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15
Q

What must we use to dissolve a polar or ionic solute?

A

A polar solvent

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16
Q

What must we use to dissolve a nonpolar solute?

A

A nonpolar solvent

17
Q

What does a positive ΔH soln mean?

A

Energy is absorbed

18
Q

What does a negative ΔH soln mean?

A

Energy released

19
Q

When does the dissolving of a solid occur more rapidly?

A

At higher temperatures

20
Q

What can the amount of solid that can be dissolved do with increasing temperature?

A

Increase or decrease

21
Q

What is the only way to determine the temperature dependence of a solid’s solubility?

A

By experiment

Chemistry II Final Exam (3 decks)

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