Chapter 11 and 12 Flashcards
What is a solution?
When the components of a mixture are uniformly intermingled and homogeneous
Because a mixture has variable composition, what must be specified?
The relative amount of substances in a solution
What is a dilute solution?
A solution with relatively little solute present
What is a concentrated solution?
A solution with a relatively large amount of solute present
What are often used to describe solution content?
Dilute and concentrated
What is molarity?
The number of moles of solute per liter solution
What is mass percent?
The percent by mass of the solute in the solution
What is the formula for mass percent?
(mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100
What is mole fraction?
The ratio of the number of moles of a given component to the total number of moles of solution
What is molality?
The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
What is normality?
The number of equivalents per liter of solution
For oxidation reduction reaction, what is the equivalent?
The quantity of oxidizing or reducing agent that can accept of furnish 1 mole of electrons
What can the equivalent mass of an oxidizing or reducing agent be calculated from?
The number of electrons in its half reaction
What is the cardinal rule of solubility?
Like dissolves like
What must we use to dissolve a polar or ionic solute?
A polar solvent
What must we use to dissolve a nonpolar solute?
A nonpolar solvent
What does a positive ΔH soln mean?
Energy is absorbed
What does a negative ΔH soln mean?
Energy released
When does the dissolving of a solid occur more rapidly?
At higher temperatures
What can the amount of solid that can be dissolved do with increasing temperature?
Increase or decrease
What is the only way to determine the temperature dependence of a solid’s solubility?
By experiment
