Chapter 11 AMSCO 1820-1860

Question 1

What was the period called before the civil war in 1861?

Answer 1

Antebellum Period

Question 2

What were some of the reasons reformers fought?

Answer 2

Free public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling or abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal rights for women, and abolishing slavery.

Question 3

What did the Second Great Awakening set up?

Answer 3

It set up the stage for equally enthusiastic social reform movements, especially abolitionism and temperance.

Question 4

How did the Second Great Awakening begin?

Answer 4

began among educated people such as Reverend Timothy Dwight, president of Yale college in Connecticut. (Motivated a generation of young men to become evangelical preachers.)

Question 5

Who were the preachers main audience?

Answer 5

The uneducated

Question 6

Revivalism in New York

Answer 6

Presbyterian minister Charles G. Finney started a series of revivals using fear and emotions as the main tactic, because of this influence western New York became known as the “burned-over district” for its “hell and-brimstone” revivals.

Question 7

Baptist and Methodist

Answer 7

This would spread in the south and western places, Peter Cartwright would go from place to place and thousands would come to hear their dramatic preaching, by 1850 they became the largest Protestant denominations in the country.

Question 8

Millennialism

Answer 8

many of religious enthusiasm was based on the thought the world was ending.

Question 9

William Miller

Answer 9

Gained tens of thousands of followers by giving a certain date that the second coming is on October 21, 1844, although when nothing happened many still believed. (Millennialism)

Question 10

Who was the founding father of Mormons?

Answer 10

Joseph Smith, in 1830

Question 11

Romanticism

Answer 11

A new movement expressed by transcendentalists

Question 12

Transcendentalists

Answer 12

Transcendentalists questioned the doctrines established by churches and business practices and looked for a deeper way to discover one’s inner self and look for the essence of God in nature.

Question 13

What did the transcendentalists argue/value?

Answer 13

Art was more important than the pursuit of wealth. They valued individualism highly and supported many reforms, especially the antislavery movement.

Question 14

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

Answer 14

His essays lectured the nationalistic spirit of Americans by urging them not to imitate European culture but to create a distinctive one.
Best known transcendentalist, a very popular American speaker.
Leading Critic of slavery in 1850’s

Question 15

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)

Answer 15

He isolated himself for two years in a cabin to find the essence of life and the universe, and he made a book he is well known for “Walden (1854)” as he is remembered today as a pioneer ecologist and conservationist.
In his essay “On Civil Disobedience” he advocated nonviolent protests, which encouraged Gandhi in India and Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 16

Brook Farm

Answer 16

Created to have great mental freedom, its remembered for its artistic creativity, its innovative school, and its appeal to the New England intellectual elite and their children. (consisted of many different people)

Question 17

Shakers

Answer 17

Held property in common and kept women and men strictly separate for-bidding marriage and sexual relationships, died from lack of members.

Question 18

The Amana Colonies

Answer 18

Germans who belonged to a religious movement known as Pietism. Similar to Shakers but allowed marriage and still exists.

Question 19

New Harmony

Answer 19

A nonreligious experiment in New Harmony, Indiana. They hoped to provide the answer to the problem of inequity and alienation caused by the Industrial Revolution. Failed.

Question 20

Oneida Community

Answer 20

Members shared everything, but critics attacked stating that communal child-rearing was a sinful experiment in “free love” Despite the hate, they still thrived by selling silverware.

Question 21

Who founded the Oneida Community?

Answer 21

John Humphrey in 1848 created the community in Oneida, New York

Question 22

Fourier Phalanxes

Answer 22

In 1840 Charles Fourier advocated for people to live together but failed as many are too individualistic to live together.

Question 23

Painting

Answer 23

to portray the everyday life of ordinary people.

Question 24

Architecture

Answer 24

adapted Greek styles to glorify the democratic spirit of the republic.

Question 25

Literature

Answer 25

after 1812 American people became more nationalistic and eager to read works of American Writers about American themes.

Question 26

Temperance

Answer 26

high rate of alcohol consumption (five gallons of hard liquor per person in 1820) made reformers target alcohol as the cause of social ills.
By 1840, had over a million followers.
German and Irish opposed this movement but had no political power.

Question 27

American Temperance Society

Answer 27

Made in 1826, which encouraged drinkers to take a pledge not to drink.

Question 28

Washingtonian

Answer 28

Made in 1840, recovering alcoholics argued alcohol is a disease that needed professional treatment.

Question 29

What was the first state to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors?

Answer 29

Maine in 1851

Question 30

Dorothea DIx

Answer 30

Was horrified to find mentally ill people locked up with convicted criminals in dirty cells. She launched a cross-country crusade on what she encountered.

Question 31

Who was the first to open a school for the deaf?

Answer 31

Thomas Gallaudet

Question 32

Who was the first to open a school for the blind?

Answer 32

Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe

Question 33

Who was the leading advocate for free public schools?

Answer 33

Horace Mann

Question 34

William Holmes McGuffey

Answer 34

Made a series of elementary textbooks.

Question 35

Women in college in 1830’s

Answer 35

Several new colleges including Mount Holyoke College and Oberlin College began to admit women.

Question 36

Cult of Domesticity

Answer 36

The idealized view of women as moral leaders in the homes.

Question 37

Women’s Rights

Answer 37

Many women resented the way men relegated them to secondary roles in the movements.

Question 38

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Answer 38

Objected to a male in an antislavery activity. Grimke wrote her Letter on the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes (1837).

Question 39

Lucreita Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 39

Another pair of women’s rights advocate after being barred from speaking at an antislavery convention.

Question 40

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Answer 40

The first women’s rights convention in American History, issued a document closed to the Declaration of Independence.

Question 41

Who led the campaign for women right’s and why didn’t it succeed?

Answer 41

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony led the campaign for equal rights for women but were overshadowed by the antislavery movement.

Question 41

Who led the campaign for women right’s and why didn’t it succeed?

Answer 41

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony led the campaign for equal rights for women but were overshadowed by the antislavery movement.

Question 42

American Colonization Society

Answer 42

tried to send Slaves back to Africa in 1817 then tried to move them to a city but the numbers were too big.

Question 43

American Antislavery Society in 1831

Answer 43

William Lloyd Garrison began the radical abolitionist movement by publishing The Liberator. Burned the constitution to state no union with slave owners.

Question 44

Liberty Party

Answer 44

a group of northerners formed the party in 1840 and sent James Birney as a candidate for president.

Question 45

Black Abolitionists

Answer 45

escaped or free slaves like Frederick Douglass spoke about the brutality firsthand. In 1847, he started the antislavery journal The North Star other African American leaders help organize the effort to help escaped slaves to free territory.

Question 46

Violent Abolitionists in 1831

Answer 46

Virginia slaved named Nat Turner led a revolt killing 55 whites and in retaliation the whites killed hundreds brutally.