Chapter 11 - Alcohols and Ethers

Question 1

Alcohols with two hydroxyl groups are called __; three are called __.

Answer 1

diols; triols

Question 2

What is the prefix given to a carbon that has 2 alcohols coming off of it?

Answer 2

Gem-diol (geminal alcohols)

Question 3

When using common name ether nomenclature, you list the __ groups __ and follow the word with ether.

When using IUPAC, the __ half of the ether is named as an __ substituent on the main chain.

Answer 3

alkyl; alphabetically

smaller; alkoxy

Question 4

Cyclic ethers are need as a unique functional group due to their increased __.

3-membered ethers are called __ or __.

Answer 4

reactivity.

epoxides; oxirane

Question 5

With regards to cyclic ethers greater than 3 members, cycloalkane nomenclature convention is guided by the ring’s __, not by the number of __. When naming, you add the prefix __ to the ring, and, if necessary, you add a __ for the ether.

Answer 5

shape (number of members); carbons.

oxa- ; location

Question 6

In __ naming convention, the __ is named as a di-located (attached to 2 carbons) substituent.

In contrast, naming in the __ convention uses the previous double-bond that existed before addition of the __, and is followed by the word __.

Answer 6

epoxy; epoxide

oxide; epoxide; oxide

Question 7

The 4 techniques used to create alcohols are: (1) __ reduction; (2) __ oxidation; (3) __-__ hydration; and (4) __ reaction.

Answer 7

Oxymercuration; hydroboration; acid-catalyzed; SN2

Question 8

Oxymerc. reduction adds __ (functional group) by converting an __. There is no carbocation due to the formation of a __-__ ion; and this step is followed by an __ reaction by H2O. The reduction step involves removal of __ from H2O and removal of __ which leaves behind a proton. The alcohol and proton will be in the __ position.

Answer 8

alcohol; alkene (double bond).
Markovnikov-briged; SN2
Proton/H; mercury
anti (trans)