Chapter 11

Question 1

homologous series

Answer 1

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties with each successive member differing by the addition of CH2

Question 2

functional group

Answer 2

a part of an organic molecule that is largely responsible for the chemical properties for the molecule

Question 3

hydrocarbon

Answer 3

a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

why can carbon form a large number of compounds

Answer 4

1. can form multiple bonds 2. can bond to other carbons. 3. can bond to other atoms like oxygen and nitrogen

Question 5

aliphatic

Answer 5

carbon atoms are joined to each other in branched or unbranched chains or non-aromatic rings.

Question 6

alicyclic

Answer 6

carbon atoms joined to each other in ring with to without branches

Question 7

aromatic

Answer 7

some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 8

functional group of acyl chloride (-oyl acid)

Answer 8

-COCl

Question 9

functional group of ester (-oate)

Answer 9

-COOC-

Question 10

functional group of ketone

Answer 10

-C(CO)C-

Question 11

functional group of aldehyde

Answer 11

-CHO

Question 12

molecular formula

Answer 12

show the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule
does not show how the atoms are joined and different molecules can have the same molecular formula

Question 13

empirical formula

Answer 13

simplest whole-number ration of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 14

general formula

Answer 14

simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 15

displayed formula

Answer 15

shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 16

structural formula

Answer 16

shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule to show which groups are bonded

Question 17

skeletal formula

Answer 17

simplified organic formula

Question 18

structural isomers

Answer 18

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural

Question 19

covalent bond

Answer 19

a shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms

Question 20

what can covalent bonds be broken by

Answer 20

homolytic and heterolytic fission

Question 21

homolytic fission

Answer 21

each of the bonded atoms takes ONE of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
each atom has a single unpaired electron
atom of groups of atoms with an unpaired electron is called a radical

Question 22

heterolytic fission

Answer 22

one of the bonded atoms takes BOTH of the electrons from the bond
atom that takes both electron = negative ion
atom that takes neither = positive ion

Question 23

addition reaction

Answer 23

2 reactant => one product

Question 24

substitution reaction

Answer 24

an atom or a group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 25

elimination reaction

Answer 25

removal of a small molecule from a larger one

one reactant => 2 products