Chapter 11

Question 1

Italy is a ____.

Answer 1

peninsula

Question 2

Early Rome was influenced mostly by the _______.

Answer 2

Etruscans

Question 3

3 ways Etruscans influenced Rome:

Answer 3

dress, religion, military organization

Question 4

What is a republic government (Roman Government)?

Answer 4

a form of government in which CITIZENS ELECT their leaders

Question 5

How did Rome organize their military?

Answer 5

soldiers were put into groups of 6,000 men called LEGIONS

Question 6

What are patricians?

Answer 6

Rome’s ruling class

Question 7

What are plebeians?

Answer 7

ordinary citizens

Question 8

Who headed the Roman government?

Answer 8

Two patrician CONSULS

Question 9

How many people were in the Roman Senate?

Answer 9

300 PATRICIANS

Question 10

What did the idea, “civic duty”, mean to the Romans?

Answer 10

citizens have a responsibility to help their country

Question 11

What was the TWELVE TABLES?

Answer 11

Early Roman set of laws

Question 12

What was the LAW OF NATIONS?

Answer 12

applied to non-Roman citizens, innocent until proven otherwise, judge makes the decision

Question 13

What were they fighting about in The First PUNIC WAR?

Answer 13

Sicily and control of trade routes:

Rome won and made Sicily its first province and controlled the entire Mediterranean Region.

Question 14

Factors that led to the decline of the Roman Republic:

Answer 14

• Conflicts between rich and poor.

- Military leaders sought political power.

Question 15

What reforms tried to save the Republic?

Answer 15

Reforms were attempted to help the poor, but the wealthy were against it- causing even more unrest.

Question 16

Why did enemies oppose and kill Caesar?

Answer 16

• Caesar gave jobs to unemployed
• granted citizenship to those living in Roman territories
• increased size of Senate from 300 to 900
• ordered landowners using slave labor to hire free workers

Poor people loved him. Wealthy people and Senate hated him.

Question 17

How did Caesar rise to power?

Answer 17

• He joined a triumvirate (3 rulers sharing power - with Crassus & Pompey)
• Refused to give up power when senate told him to step down
• He left Rome and returned with an army and beat Pompey’s army

Question 18

A second triumvirate formed after _______’s death.

Answer 18

Caesar

Question 19

After the second triumvirate was formed (after Caesar died), the empire was divided into _____ parts.

Answer 19

TWO

Question 20

Octavian and Antony battled over the Roman Empire… who won?

Answer 20

Octavian- became Rome’s first emperor (all powerful ruler) of Rome @ 32 years old!

Question 21

The senate gave Octavian the title ______.

Answer 21

Augustus

Question 22

Name 3 reforms by Augustus:

Answer 22

1. Tax and legal system were changed.
2. Continued to provide free grain to the poor.
3. Allowed emperors to choose their successors.

Question 23

The first five emperors after Augustus were all related to him! They were known as __________ Emperors.

Answer 23

Julio-Claudian

Question 24

There was peace and prosperity during Pax Romana because:

Answer 24

• Programs were created to help the people.
• Roman infrastructure was improved- bridges, arches, roads, aqueducts
• Roman Empire expanded

Question 25

What was the Silk Road?

Answer 25

Trade route that expanded Roman trade to the Far East (China). Huge part of the ECONOMY.