Chapter 11 Flashcards
Italy is a ____.
peninsula
Early Rome was influenced mostly by the _______.
Etruscans
3 ways Etruscans influenced Rome:
dress, religion, military organization
What is a republic government (Roman Government)?
a form of government in which CITIZENS ELECT their leaders
How did Rome organize their military?
soldiers were put into groups of 6,000 men called LEGIONS
What are patricians?
Rome’s ruling class
What are plebeians?
ordinary citizens
Who headed the Roman government?
Two patrician CONSULS
How many people were in the Roman Senate?
300 PATRICIANS
What did the idea, “civic duty”, mean to the Romans?
citizens have a responsibility to help their country
What was the TWELVE TABLES?
Early Roman set of laws
What was the LAW OF NATIONS?
applied to non-Roman citizens, innocent until proven otherwise, judge makes the decision
What were they fighting about in The First PUNIC WAR?
Sicily and control of trade routes:
Rome won and made Sicily its first province and controlled the entire Mediterranean Region.
Factors that led to the decline of the Roman Republic:
- Conflicts between rich and poor.
- Military leaders sought political power.
What reforms tried to save the Republic?
Reforms were attempted to help the poor, but the wealthy were against it- causing even more unrest.
Why did enemies oppose and kill Caesar?
- Caesar gave jobs to unemployed
- granted citizenship to those living in Roman territories
- increased size of Senate from 300 to 900
- ordered landowners using slave labor to hire free workers
Poor people loved him. Wealthy people and Senate hated him.
How did Caesar rise to power?
- He joined a triumvirate (3 rulers sharing power - with Crassus & Pompey)
- Refused to give up power when senate told him to step down
- He left Rome and returned with an army and beat Pompey’s army
A second triumvirate formed after _______’s death.
Caesar
After the second triumvirate was formed (after Caesar died), the empire was divided into _____ parts.
TWO
Octavian and Antony battled over the Roman Empire… who won?
Octavian- became Rome’s first emperor (all powerful ruler) of Rome @ 32 years old!
The senate gave Octavian the title ______.
Augustus
Name 3 reforms by Augustus:
- Tax and legal system were changed.
- Continued to provide free grain to the poor.
- Allowed emperors to choose their successors.
The first five emperors after Augustus were all related to him! They were known as __________ Emperors.
Julio-Claudian
There was peace and prosperity during Pax Romana because:
- Programs were created to help the people.
- Roman infrastructure was improved- bridges, arches, roads, aqueducts
- Roman Empire expanded
What was the Silk Road?
Trade route that expanded Roman trade to the Far East (China). Huge part of the ECONOMY.
