chapter 11

Question 1

2 examples of what energy from resp. is used for in cells

Answer 1

making protiens - joining amino acids / contracting muscles

Question 2

where does all energy come from

Answer 2

food

Question 3

what is the main nutrient providing energy

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

what is respiration

Answer 4

a series of metabolic reactions that break down gluocse to release energy.

Question 5

which is better for inspiration?

Answer 5

nose

Question 6

why is nose better for inspiration

Answer 6

filters air and moistens

Question 7

where is mucus made

Answer 7

goblet cells that cover turbinal bones, which moisten air entering

Question 8

where are cillia found

Answer 8

along trachea and bronchi

Question 9

function of cillia

Answer 9

hair like projections move bacteria and dust particles getting trapped on them and the mucus and move to back of throat to stop lungs getting blocked

Question 10

where does air enter trachea from

Answer 10

nose or mouth

Question 11

what is above trachea that stops choking

Answer 11

eppiglotis - closes trachea to stop food going down trachea when swallowing.

Question 12

where is the larynx

Answer 12

below trachea

Question 13

what does the trachea divide into

Answer 13

left and right broncus

Question 14

where are the two broncus’ placed

Answer 14

left and right lung

Question 15

whats at the end of each broncus

Answer 15

broncheolie

Question 16

where are alveolie located

Answer 16

end of brocheoles

Question 17

where does gas exchange take place

Answer 17

surface of alveolie

Question 18

what is wrapped around alveolie

Answer 18

cappilaries

Question 19

true or false: oxygen diffuses across single cell wall of alveolie into blood and c02 difuses other way

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what takes blood to heart

Answer 20

plumonary artery, one cell thick

Question 21

what makes alveolie efficient surface for gas exchange

Answer 21

on cell thick and large surface area

Question 22

in order to make air move in and out of lungs..

Answer 22

change volume of thorax

Question 23

when breathing in:

1. external intercostal -
2. diaphragm muscles -
3. volume of thorax -
4. pressure in lungs -

Answer 23

1. contract, pulling ribcage upwards and out
2. ” pulling diaphragm down
3. increases volume
4. decreases

Question 24

when breathing out:

1. external intercostal -
2. diaphragm muscles -
3. volume of thorax -
4. pressure in lungs -

Answer 24

1. relax
2. relax
3. decreases volume
4. increases

Question 25

when does body respire anaerobically

Answer 25

when vigerous excericse takes place

Question 26

what does your body do to get oxygen to eg. legs quickly

Answer 26

deep breathes and faster to get max oxygen into blood and to area in need eg. legs

Question 27

why does heart rate stay high after exercise stops?

Answer 27

body has to combine oxygen with remaining lactic acid to remove/ break it down. once all LA is gone heart rate returns to normal.

Question 28

what controls breathing rate

Answer 28

your brain

Question 29

what does your brain constantly moniter

Answer 29

pH levels in blood

Question 30

what does high levels of oxygen/lactic acid do to blood pH

Answer 30

decreases it

Question 31

what happens when blood PH falls

Answer 31

brain sends nerve impluses to diaphragm and intercostal muscles stimulating them to contract harder and faster - faster deaper breths

Question 32

aerobic respiration

Answer 32

with oxygen, creating energy from glucose and oxygen

Question 33

anaerobic respiration

Answer 33

without oxygen, creating less engery from glucose

Question 34

to release energy from glucose

Answer 34

breakdown via chem reactions

Question 35

true of false: anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic

Answer 35

false because it doesnt release as much energy from the gluocse molecules.

Question 36

chem equation for aerobic respiration:

Answer 36

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 37

chem equation for anaerobic respiration:

Answer 37

C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 38

is carbon dioxide produced when anaerobic respiration takes place

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

what do plants and yeast make

Answer 39

CO2

Question 40

glucose =

Answer 40

lactic acid + CO2

Question 41

CO2 is waste product, removed?

Answer 41

via gas exchange

Question 42

percentage of oxygen in inspired air:

Answer 42

21%

Question 43

percentage of oxygen in expired air:

Answer 43

16%