chapter 11 Flashcards
revision
2 examples of what energy from resp. is used for in cells
making protiens - joining amino acids / contracting muscles
where does all energy come from
food
what is the main nutrient providing energy
glucose
what is respiration
a series of metabolic reactions that break down gluocse to release energy.
which is better for inspiration?
nose
why is nose better for inspiration
filters air and moistens
where is mucus made
goblet cells that cover turbinal bones, which moisten air entering
where are cillia found
along trachea and bronchi
function of cillia
hair like projections move bacteria and dust particles getting trapped on them and the mucus and move to back of throat to stop lungs getting blocked
where does air enter trachea from
nose or mouth
what is above trachea that stops choking
eppiglotis - closes trachea to stop food going down trachea when swallowing.
where is the larynx
below trachea
what does the trachea divide into
left and right broncus
where are the two broncus’ placed
left and right lung
whats at the end of each broncus
broncheolie
where are alveolie located
end of brocheoles
where does gas exchange take place
surface of alveolie
what is wrapped around alveolie
cappilaries
true or false: oxygen diffuses across single cell wall of alveolie into blood and c02 difuses other way
true
what takes blood to heart
plumonary artery, one cell thick
what makes alveolie efficient surface for gas exchange
on cell thick and large surface area
in order to make air move in and out of lungs..
change volume of thorax
when breathing in:
- external intercostal -
- diaphragm muscles -
- volume of thorax -
- pressure in lungs -
- contract, pulling ribcage upwards and out
- ” pulling diaphragm down
- increases volume
- decreases
when breathing out:
- external intercostal -
- diaphragm muscles -
- volume of thorax -
- pressure in lungs -
- relax
- relax
- decreases volume
- increases
when does body respire anaerobically
when vigerous excericse takes place
what does your body do to get oxygen to eg. legs quickly
deep breathes and faster to get max oxygen into blood and to area in need eg. legs
why does heart rate stay high after exercise stops?
body has to combine oxygen with remaining lactic acid to remove/ break it down. once all LA is gone heart rate returns to normal.
what controls breathing rate
your brain
what does your brain constantly moniter
pH levels in blood
what does high levels of oxygen/lactic acid do to blood pH
decreases it
what happens when blood PH falls
brain sends nerve impluses to diaphragm and intercostal muscles stimulating them to contract harder and faster - faster deaper breths
aerobic respiration
with oxygen, creating energy from glucose and oxygen
anaerobic respiration
without oxygen, creating less engery from glucose
to release energy from glucose
breakdown via chem reactions
true of false: anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic
false because it doesnt release as much energy from the gluocse molecules.
chem equation for aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
chem equation for anaerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
is carbon dioxide produced when anaerobic respiration takes place
yes
what do plants and yeast make
CO2
glucose =
lactic acid + CO2
CO2 is waste product, removed?
via gas exchange
percentage of oxygen in inspired air:
21%
percentage of oxygen in expired air:
16%
