Chapter 11 Flashcards
the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.15 C on the Celsius scale)
Absolute Zero
the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level; exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg
atmosphere of pressure
the law that states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Avogadro’s law
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
barometer
the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases and vice-versa
Boyle’s law
the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and vice-versa
Charles’s law
the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas
combined gas law
the law that states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
the law that states that the volume occupied by a gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
Guy-Lussac’s law
the law that states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical change can be represented by a ratio of small whole numbers
Guy-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes of Gases
the proportionality constant that appears in the equation of state of 1 mol of an ideal gas; R = 0.082 057 84 L # atm/mol # K
ideal gas constant
the law that states the mathematical relationship of pressure (P), volume (V), the gas constant (R), and the number of moles of a gas (n); PV=nRT
ideal gas law
the law that states that the rates of effusion of gases at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses
Graham’s law of effusion
a unit of pressure
millimeters of mercury
the SI unit of force; the force that will increase the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s each second that the force is applied (abbreviation, N)
newton
