Chapter 11 Flashcards
Meaning of Pacific Ring of Fire
An area characterised by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
What is the region beneath the earth’s crust that is about 2890 km thick
Mantle
The heavier tectonic plate sinks to the mantle and the lighter plate rises above it
Subduction
Semi molten rock which tries to escape upward through spaces between plates toward cooler areas on the crust
Magma
Opening at the top of a volcano
Crater
What is called when magma reaches the crust
Lava
Basic parts of a volcano
- fissure
- conduit
- vent
- crater
- flank
- magma chamber or reservoir
Underground compartment where the magma is stored
Magma chamber or reservoir
Passageway through which magma travels to reach earth’s surface
Conduit
Side of a volcano
Flank
Elongated fracture or crack on the earths crust from which lava erupts
Fissure
Bowl shaped depression at the top of the volcano where the vent is located
Crater
Opening where volcanic materials are released
Vent
Three types of volcano
Stratovolcano, shield volcano and cinder cone volcano
Another word for stratovolcano
Composite cone volcano
Forms a larger crater and depression when the volcano explodes
Caldera
Formed by highly vicious or thick slow moving lava
Stratovolcano
Parts of a stratovolcano
Ash Ash flow Lava flow Sill Dyke Lava Flank eruption Vent
Vertical crack with solidified or cooled magma
Dyke
Pulverised rocks, minerals, volcanic glass
Ash
Stream of molten rocks that ooze from an erupting vent
Lava flow
Horizontal crack with solidified or cooled magma
Sill
Avalanche of hot volcanic ash
Ash flow
Parts of a shield volcano
Magma chamber Lava flow Flank eruption Summit caldera Central vent
Formed by loose and fluid lava that flows over each other
Shield volcano
Conduit for the magma to travel from the magma chamber to the crater
Central vent
Cavity at the summit of the volcano
Summit caldera
Parts of a cinder cone volcano
Ash Summit crater Cinder beds Vent Magma chamber
Pockets where new ash fall will collect
Cinder bed
Bowl shaped opening at the summit of the cone
Summit crater
Another term for cinder cone volcano
Scoria cone
Is formed by fluid lava that is ejected because of high pressure that builds up in the magma chamber
Cinder cone or scoria cone
Are mounds of lava formed after a volcanic eruption
Lava dome
These are volcanoes on the ocean floor and are formed through collision of oceanic plates
Submarine volcanoes
Is a depression formed at the summit of shield volcanoes
Caldera complex
These are volcanoes that are overlain by glaciers
Glacial volcanoes
The cloud of ash that comes out of the crater
Ash plume
Fluid lava and fire ejected
Hawaiian eruption
A thick vicious magma flows around the vent as solid lava and dust are ejected
Vulcanian
Most violent and explosive type of eruption
Plinian
Featuring continuous ejection of magma and gas
Strombolian
