Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the four vital signs?
- body temp
- pulse
- respiratory rate
- blood pressure
What is the fifth new vital sign?
smoking status
What is the number one preventable cause of illness and death?
smoking
What is the normal body temperature? What is the range?
98.6 degrees F
Ranges: 96.0-99.5
Normal pulse rate?
60-100 per minute
Normal respiration?
12-20 per minute
What is the top number of the blood pressure called?
Systolic
What is the bottom number of the blood pressure called?
Diastolic
What is the normal blood pressure?
<120/<80
What’s the blood pressure numbers for prehypertension?
120-139/80-89
Stage One hypertension:
140-159/90-99
Stage Two Hypertension:
> 160/>100
If vital signs are not within normal limits what should you do?
check with a physician
What position should the pt. be when you are taking vital signs?
Upright position and at eye level
Pulse
intermittent throbbing sensation felt when fingers are pressed against an artery
What should be noted about the pulse?
irregularities of strength, rhythm, and quality of pulse
What is increased pulse rate caused by?
exercise, stimulants, eating, strong emotions, extreme heat or cold
What is decreased pulse rate caused by?
sleep, depressants, fasting, quieting emotions, and low vitality from prolonged illness
tachycardia
an unusually fast heartbeat (over 100 beats per min. in an adult)
bradycardia
an unusually slow heartbeat (below beats per min.)
Where can you take the pulse?
- Radial (wrist for clinical setting)
- Carotid (during CPR)
- Brachial (used on infant)
Respiration
supplies oxygen to the tissues and eliminate carbon dioxide
What causes an increased respiration?
work, exercise, excitement, shock,nervousness, pain and strong emotions
What causes a decreased respiration?
sleep, certain drugs, pulmonary deficiency
Factors to observe when taking pt. respiration:
depth, rhythm, quality, sounds
Blood Pressure
The force exerted by the blood on the blood vessel walls. When the left ventricle of heart contracts, blood is forced into the aorta and travels through the larger arteries to the smaller arteries, arterioles,, and capillaries. The pulsations extend from the heart thru the arteries and disappear into the arterioles; during this course the blood pressure is changing constantly.
Systolic pressure
the peak or the highest pressure. Normal is less than 120 mmHg
Diastolic pressure
lowest is pressure. Normal is less than 80 mmHg
Pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. Normal or safe difference is less than 40 mmHg
mmHG
millimeters of mercury
What do you take blood pressure with?
Mercury sphygmomanometer
Procedure for determining blood pressure:
- Prepare pt.
- Apply cuff ( apply at level of heart, fasten cuff snugly)
- Inflate cuff
- Position the stethoscope end piece
- Deflate the cuff gradually
- Repeat for conformation
- Record b.p and a fraction
What does the dental personnel have an obligation to do?
advise and refer for further evaluation
Auscultation
Listening for sounds produced within the body. May be performed directly or with a stethoscope
Korotoff sounds
The sounds heard during the determination of blood pressure; sounds originating within the blood passing through the vessel or produced by vibratory motion of the arterial wall
