chapter 11

Question 1

Critical thinking process

Answer 1

provides nurses with the ability to use purposeful thinking and reflective reasoning to examine ideas, assumption, principles, conclusions, beliefs and actions in the context of professional nursing practice.

Question 2

Watson & glaser 1964 concept of critical thinking

Answer 2

combination of abilities needed to define problems, recognize assumptions, formulate and select hypothesis, draw conclusions, and judge validity of interferences.

Question 3

Scriven & Paul 1987 concept of critical thinking

Answer 3

Critical thinking is that mode of thinking about any subject, content, or problem in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and improving intellectual standards upon them.
(process of self disciplined, self directed rational thinking verifies- what we know and clarifies what we do not know)

Question 4

Ennis 1989 concept of critical thinking

Answer 4

Reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do

Question 5

importance of critical thinking

Answer 5

to function effectively in complex rapidly changing health care environments nurses must use high order thinking skills and apply content knowledge to clinical practice in order to provide safe and effective care to diverse populations.

Question 6

reflective thinking

Answer 6

is an active process valuable in learning and changing behaviors, perspectives, or practices

Question 7

nursing process

Answer 7

A method of critical thinking focused on solving patient problems in a professional practice.
(represents a universal intellectual standard by which problems are addressed and solved.)

Question 8

steps of the nursing process

Answer 8

1. Assessment - collecting data
2. Diagnosis- analyzing data gathered identifies the problem
3. Planning- (plan of care) identification of pt goals and determination of how to reach said goals and selecting pt interventions
4. Implementation- of planned interventions (when nursing orders are actually carried out.)
5. evaluation- nurse examines the pt’s progress in relation to the goals and outcome criteria to determine whether a problem is resolved, is in the process of being resolved, or is in resolved.

Question 9

step 1 nursing process

Answer 9

Assessment - collecting data

Question 10

Step 2 of the nursing process

Answer 10

Diagnosis- analyzing data gathered identifies the problem

Question 11

step 3 nursing process

Answer 11

Planning- (plan of care) identification of pt goals and determination of how to reach said goals and selecting pt interventions

Question 12

step 4 nursing process

Answer 12

Implementation- of planned interventions (when nursing orders are actually carried out.)

Question 13

step 5 nursing process

Answer 13

evaluation- nurse examines the pt’s progress in relation to the goals and outcome criteria to determine whether a problem is resolved, is in the process of being resolved, or is in resolved

Question 14

importance of evaluation (step 5 nursing process)

Answer 14

was care plan effective, if it wasn’t go back and reassess the situation change the care plan and evaluate if that was effective

Question 15

the model that tanner developed in 2006

Answer 15

clinical judgement model- to consistently make good clinical judgements in rapid changing nursing environment

Question 16

4 major phases of clinical judgement model

Answer 16

1. noticing
2. interpreting
3. responding
4. reflecting

Question 17

contextualization

Answer 17

helps nurses to apply clinical reasoning to a specific pt situation and make appropriate pt-specific clinical judgements. contextualization uses clinical judgement and critical thinking to develop critical reasoning
(put into context then apply knowledge & critical thinking to help pt have a better outcome)

Question 18

critical reasoning

Answer 18

helps with multiple variables that can happen in pt care

Question 19

example of multiple variable

Answer 19

two pts come in for appendectomy 1 is 26yr old no med history. 1 is 56yr old w/ COPD & HTN both are having appendectomy but the context s different

Question 20

novice nurses (new to nursing)

Answer 20

• need to follow clear cut rules
• often unaware of resources
• lack knowledge gained from actual doing
• may be hindered by anxiety and lack of self confidence

Question 21

expert nurse (old nurse)

Answer 21

• stores knowledge in highly organized structured manner
• aware of resources
• usually more self confident
• knows which rules are flexible and when it is appropriate to bend the rules
• assess and considers different options or intervening before acting

Question 22

Subjective data

Answer 22

describes pt needs, feelings, strengths, perceptions of the problem. (symptoms)

Question 23

objective data

Answer 23

collected through observation and are measurable (vitals, signs)

Question 24

nursing diagnosis

Answer 24

identifies the problems the pt is experiencing as a result of the disease process (the human response to the illness, injury or threat) (PES writing nursing dx P-problem NANDA label E-Etiology casual factors S- Signs &symptoms defining characteristics

Question 25

outcome criteria

Answer 25

specific make goal measurable

Question 26

short term goal

Answer 26

goal maybe attainable within hours or days. (usually small steps leading to a bigger long term goal)

Question 27

long term goal

Answer 27

represent major changes or rehabilitation, can take months even years to complete. example pt will stop smoking entirely

Question 28

independent interventions

Answer 28

nurses require no supervision or direction by others and are within the scope of practice

Question 29

dependent interventions

Answer 29

nurses requires instruction, written prescriptions or supervision from other health care provider

Question 30

interdependent (collaborative) interventions

Answer 30

nurses must collaborate with another health professional before carrying out the action

Question 31

clinical judgement

Answer 31

consists of informed opinions and decisions based on empirical knowledge and experience.

Question 32

intellectual humility

Answer 32

being able to ask questions when you don’t know or understand something

Question 33

intellectual integrity

Answer 33

admits mistakes