chapter 11 Flashcards
genetics
scientific study of heredity
fertilization
male and female reproductive cells combine
true-breeding
when the offspring is identical to the parent organism
traits
a specific characteristic , such as eye color or hair color
hybrids
offspring where the parent organisms had different traits from each other
genes
chemical factors that determine traits
alleles
different forms of genes
the principle of dominance
some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
segregation
seperation of alleles during gamete formation
gametes
specialized cell used in reproduction
probability
the likelihood of a particular event happening
homozygous
a organism with two identical alleles
heterozygous
organisms with two different alleles for the same trait
phenotype
the same physical characteristics among a group of organisms
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
independent assortment
independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance
when one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
codominance
where both alleles are contributed to the phenotype
multiple alleled
genes with more than two alleles
polygenic traits
traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent
diploid
a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid
a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
meiosis
is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
