Chapter 11

Question 1

Incapacitation

Answer 1

Rendering someone as unable to act or move about, either through incarceration or by court order

Question 2

Deterrance

Answer 2

Actions that are designed to prevent crimes from occurring

Question 3

Capital punishment

Answer 3

A sentence of death or carrying out same via execution of the offender

Question 4

Victim impact statements

Answer 4

Information provided prior to sentencing by the victims of a crime about the impact the crime had on their lives; allowed by the u.s Supreme Court

Question 5

Sentencing guidelines

Answer 5

An instruments developed by the federal government that uses a grid system to chart the seriousness of offense, criminal history, and so fourth and thus allow the court to arrive at a more consistent sentences for everyone

Question 6

Intermediate sentencing

Answer 6

a scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time period so as to be released when rehabilitated or the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented

Question 7

General deterrance

Answer 7

Punish individual in order to control other behavior

Question 8

Specific deterence

Answer 8

Punish individual in on order to control that persons future behavior

Question 9

Determinate sentencing

Answer 9

Specific fixed-period sentence ordered by a court

Question 10

Concept of jury nolification

Answer 10

When a jury returns a not guilty verdict despite the belief when prosecution has proven their case

• jury doesn’t agree with law
• judge/prosecutor cannot do anything

Question 11

Consecutive and concurrent sentencing

Answer 11

• Consecutive - sentences stack (10+5=15)
• concurrent - sentences served all at once (Serve longest sentence and then your out)
• judge decides which sentencing method to use

Question 12

State level sentencing guidelines

Answer 12

Grid system to chart the seriousness of offense, criminal history, etc alowwing courts to arrive at a more consistent sentance for everyone

Question 13

Reformatory model

1870’s-1890’s

Answer 13

Humanitarian concerns inmate change and intermediate sentencing emphasized

Question 14

Penitentiary model

1790’s-1860’s

Answer 14

Industrial revolution led to concept of isolation

• walnut street jail (1790)
• auburn prison (1819)

Question 15

Colonial model

1600’s-1790’s

Answer 15

Laws transferred from England with rigorous punishment

Question 16

Crime control model

1970’s-2000’s

Answer 16

Concerned with rapidly rising crime rates

- determinate sentencing laws/mandatory sentencing laws

Question 17

Community model

1960’s-1970’s

Answer 17

Prisons were seen as artificial institutions that interfered with offenders ability with crime free lifestyle

Question 18

Medical model

1930’s-1960’s

Answer 18

All criminals are mentally ill, shifted to treatment places

Question 19

Progressive model

1890’s-1930’s

Answer 19

Treatment focused on individual and his/her specific problems

Question 20

Methods of executions

Answer 20

1. ) lethal injections
2. ) electrocution
3. ) gas
4. ) hanging
5. ) firing squad

Question 21

Roper vs. Simmons 2005

Answer 21

Holding that the 8th and 14th amendment Fitbit execution of offenders under age 18

Question 22

Moratoria

Answer 22

Placing a hold on capital punishment while reviews of process were bring conducted

Question 23

Sentencing reform act

Answer 23

1. ) dropping rehabilitation as one of the goals of punishment
2. ) creating the u.s. Sentencing commission
3. ) making all federal sentencing determinate
4. ) authorizing appellate review of sentences

Question 24

Firman vs. Georgia

1972

Answer 24

Struck down the death penalty under the cruel and unusual punishment clause of 8th amendment; ruled unconstitutional

Question 25

8th ammendment

Answer 25

Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted