Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Two fundamental axioms of social psychology

A

1) People create their own reality

2) Other people and situations influence behaviors

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2
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Thinking differs from behavior

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3
Q

Reducing Dissonance?

A

1) Change behavior to align with thinking
2) Justify behavior by changing or adding a new cognition
3) Self affirmation

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4
Q

Attributions

A

1) Explanations for own and others behavior

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5
Q

Situational influences on behavior

A

External (would affect anyone that way)

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6
Q

Dispositional influences on behavior

A

Internal(personality, attitudes)

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7
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Overemphasized dispositional influences, underemphasized situational

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8
Q

Ultimate Attribution Error

A

Applies to groups of people

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9
Q

Self-Serving Attributions

A

Take personal credit for good outcomes and blame outside forces for bad outcomes

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10
Q

The Just World Hypothesis

A

Bad things happen to bad people, vice versa

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11
Q

Conformity

A

A change in beliefs or behavior to be consistent with group standards due to the influence of others

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12
Q

Informational social influence

A

Conforming when it is important to be right

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13
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conforming to fit it

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14
Q

Individualistic Cultures

A

Emphasize freedom and independence; conforming means loss of control

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15
Q

Collectivist Cultures

A

Emphasize ties to the social group; conforming means maturity and inner strength

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16
Q

Obedience

A

Changing behavior because of a direct command to do so from someone that appears to be authority

17
Q

Factors influencing obedience

A

1) Relieved of responsibility
2) Clear who is in charge
3) Gradual escalation of commands
4) Situational demands

18
Q

Pro-Social Behavior

A

Any act to help someone else, regardless of motives

19
Q

Altruism

A

Pro-Social behavior with no self-interest (no benefit but maybe cost)

20
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

Because we’ve been helped in the past we expect to helped in the future

21
Q

Norm of social justice

A

Equal distribution of resources based on deservedness

22
Q

Norm of social responsibility

A

Should help those who depend on us

23
Q

What is an attitude?

A

Evaluation of an object or person or idea with some degree of favor or disfavor

24
Q

Abcs of attitudes

A

Affective(Feelings)- based on emotions or values, not logic
Behavioral- self-perception,when weak or ambiguous
Cognitive (thoughts)- Based on the objective properties of the object

25
Q

Prejudice

A

A hostile, unwarranted, and negative evaluation of a group of people, based on their membership in that group