Chapter 11

Question 1

Two fundamental axioms of social psychology

Answer 1

1) People create their own reality

2) Other people and situations influence behaviors

Question 2

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 2

Thinking differs from behavior

Question 3

Reducing Dissonance?

Answer 3

1) Change behavior to align with thinking
2) Justify behavior by changing or adding a new cognition
3) Self affirmation

Question 4

Attributions

Answer 4

1) Explanations for own and others behavior

Question 5

Situational influences on behavior

Answer 5

External (would affect anyone that way)

Question 6

Dispositional influences on behavior

Answer 6

Internal(personality, attitudes)

Question 7

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 7

Overemphasized dispositional influences, underemphasized situational

Question 8

Ultimate Attribution Error

Answer 8

Applies to groups of people

Question 9

Self-Serving Attributions

Answer 9

Take personal credit for good outcomes and blame outside forces for bad outcomes

Question 10

The Just World Hypothesis

Answer 10

Bad things happen to bad people, vice versa

Question 11

Conformity

Answer 11

A change in beliefs or behavior to be consistent with group standards due to the influence of others

Question 12

Informational social influence

Answer 12

Conforming when it is important to be right

Question 13

Normative social influence

Answer 13

Conforming to fit it

Question 14

Individualistic Cultures

Answer 14

Emphasize freedom and independence; conforming means loss of control

Question 15

Collectivist Cultures

Answer 15

Emphasize ties to the social group; conforming means maturity and inner strength

Question 16

Obedience

Answer 16

Changing behavior because of a direct command to do so from someone that appears to be authority

Question 17

Factors influencing obedience

Answer 17

1) Relieved of responsibility
2) Clear who is in charge
3) Gradual escalation of commands
4) Situational demands

Question 18

Pro-Social Behavior

Answer 18

Any act to help someone else, regardless of motives

Question 19

Altruism

Answer 19

Pro-Social behavior with no self-interest (no benefit but maybe cost)

Question 20

Norm of reciprocity

Answer 20

Because we’ve been helped in the past we expect to helped in the future

Question 21

Norm of social justice

Answer 21

Equal distribution of resources based on deservedness

Question 22

Norm of social responsibility

Answer 22

Should help those who depend on us

Question 23

What is an attitude?

Answer 23

Evaluation of an object or person or idea with some degree of favor or disfavor

Question 24

Abcs of attitudes

Answer 24

Affective(Feelings)- based on emotions or values, not logic
Behavioral- self-perception,when weak or ambiguous
Cognitive (thoughts)- Based on the objective properties of the object

Question 25

Prejudice

Answer 25

A hostile, unwarranted, and negative evaluation of a group of people, based on their membership in that group