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Histopathology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Celestine Blue forms a strong staining lake with _______ to bind hematoxylin

A

Iron Alum

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2
Q

For tissues fixed with mercuric chloride, staining time in hematoxylin should be _________ and staining tome in eosin should be _______

A

Increased , decreased

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3
Q

Mayers hematoxylin is used as a __________ to demonstrate presence of cytoplasmic glycogen

A

Nuclear counterstain

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4
Q

Accentuator in carbol thionine and carbol fushcin

A

Phenol

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5
Q

In regressive staining, the tissue is first overstained to :

A

Obliterate cellular details

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6
Q

Rapid ripening of ehrlichs reagent is brought about by

A

Sodium iodate

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7
Q

Hematoxylin stains what cellular structure?

A

Nucleus / Nuclear detail

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8
Q

Specific tissues elements are demonstrated by colorless solutions of metallic salts

A

Metallic impregnation

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9
Q

It is recommended for progressive staining of tissues

A

Aluminum Iron

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10
Q

Before a chromogen can be called a dye,

A

You must have the property if retaing the color in the tissue

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11
Q

Hazard of ammoniacal silver solutions

A

Explosive

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12
Q

Mordant combines with dye to form

A

Tissue-mordant-dye-complex

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13
Q

Mordant in weigerts hematoxylin

A

Iron

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14
Q

Mercury can be removed by :

A

Using 0.5% solution of iodine in 80%-95% of alcohol

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15
Q

Old Histologic dye extracted from the Coccys Cacti Bug

A

Cochineal Dye.

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16
Q

Rapid ripening of harris’ hematoxylin is brought about by

A

Mercuric Chloride

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17
Q

Different solutions are poured and slides are placed in a staggered or singly fashion

A

Slotted staining dishes

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18
Q

Is an oxazine dye used as an alternative to iron hematoxilin nuclear stain.

A

Celestine Blue

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19
Q

Tisse elements are stained in a definite sequence and applied for different periods of time until desired intensity is attained

A

Progressive staining

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20
Q

The second change of xylene will increase/decrease the refractive index of the glass slide?

A

Increase

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21
Q

Is the application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background.

A

Counterstaining

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22
Q

Eosin stains what cellular structure?

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

Tissue are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with dye

A

Histological Staining

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24
Q

The best vital dye

A

Neutral red

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25
Q

Ony substance that can fix, differentiate and stain the tissue

A

Picric acid

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26
Q

Very cold water if used for blueing may produce ______ color.

A

Pink

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27
Q

Result of heidenhains Iron Hematoxylin Method.

A

Cells, nuclei, muscle striations are black

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28
Q

Basic cell structures have an affinity for acide dye ions. They are also called _______

A

Acidophilic

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29
Q

Vegetable dye extracted from certain Lichens

A

Orcein

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30
Q

Accentuator in loefflers methylene blue

A

Potassium hydroxide

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31
Q

Celestine Blue results :

A

Cell nuclei - Blue

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32
Q

Perls prussian blue demonstration for

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

a.) in decolorization, If the primary stain used is a basic dye, differentiation is carried out by what type of solution

A

Acid solution

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34
Q

How to restain a faded slide that has been stained by a mordant?

A

Remain in a differentiating agent (1-2% alcohol)

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35
Q

Oxidation of hematoxylin is termed as?

A

Ripening

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36
Q

Ripened Hematoxylin is used along with :

A

Aluminum
Iron
Chroumium
Copper salts

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37
Q

Ammoniacal silver is reduced by

A

Argentaffin cells forming black deposits

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38
Q

Holds 10-30 slides upright

A

Glass staining racks/carriers

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39
Q

Substances with different atomic groupings which are capale of producing visible colors

A

Choromophores

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40
Q

Accelerates / hastens speed of staining reaction

A

Accentuator

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41
Q

Tissues are studied thru chemical reactions

A

Histochemical staining

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42
Q

Serves as a link between tissue and dye

A

Mordant

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43
Q

Natural Dyes (4)

A

Hematoxylin
Cochineal dyes
Orcein
Saffron

44
Q

Formation of precipitate in Harris hematoxylin indicates :

A

Deterioration in nuclear staining

45
Q

Where the active coloring substance is found in a basic component that combines with the acid radical.

A

Basic Dyes

46
Q

Crystal violet is for demostration of?

A

Fungi

47
Q

Methylene blue can also be used as an?

A

Indicator

48
Q

Two types of biological stains

A

Natural

Synthetic

49
Q

Preservative in meyers hematoxylin

A

Chloral hydrate

50
Q

Hematoxylin is extracted from what tree?

A

Hematoxylin Campechanium

51
Q

Stain for reticuloendothelial system

A

Tryphan Blue

52
Q

Thymol inhibits formation of

A

Molds

53
Q

Mallorys Phloxine Methylene Blue Stain is also known as?

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Method.

54
Q

To remove paraffin , immerse it in xylene two times for how long?

A

One to two minutes

55
Q

What must be added to prevent growth of molds in Harris hematoxylin?

A

10ml ethyl alcohol

56
Q

Carmine with aluminum chloride demonstrates

A

Glycogen

57
Q

To accelerate ripening , you must use

A

Oxidizing Agents (Hydrogen Peroxide, Mercuric Oxide, Potassium Permanganate, Sodium Perborate or Sodium Iodate)

58
Q

Orcein whe trated with ammonia and exposed to air produces what colors

A

Blue or violet colors

59
Q

Why must paraffin wax be removed prior to staining?

A

Because it is poorly permeable to stains

60
Q

It is a slotted jar which holds 5-9 slides

A

Coplin Jar

61
Q

Tryphan blue must not be allowed to stand for more than how many hours before it becomes toxic to the cell?

A

One hour

62
Q

Hematoxylin has a powerful ________ and ________ staining capacity

A

Nuclear , Chromatin

63
Q

Metachromatic dyes belongs to the groups of

A

Thizine and Triphenylmethane groups

64
Q

Action of dye is intensified by adding another agent

A

Indirect staining

65
Q

Mordant in ehrlichs hematoxylin

A

Potassium alum

66
Q

To stain the with a color that is dofferent from that of the stain itself is termed as?

A

Metachromasia / Metachromatic

67
Q

Aluminum salt lakes are usually colored

A

Blue

68
Q

a.) In decolorization, If the primary stain used is an acidic dye, differentiation is carried out by what type of solution

A

Alkaline solution

69
Q

Proper disposal of unused reagents :

A

Inactivated by sodium chloride and dilute HCl

70
Q

Combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques

Allows phenotypic markers to be detected

Uses poly/monoclonal fluorescent or enzyme labeled antibodies

A

Immunohistochemical staining

71
Q

Stain for mitochondira

A

Janus Green

72
Q

The active coloring substance is found in the acid component

A

Acid dye

73
Q

Celloidin is also known as?

A

Cellulose Nitrate

74
Q

Periodic acid schiff, demonstration for

A

Carbohydrates

75
Q

Nucleus of cell is (susceptible/resistant) to vital stains?

A

Resistant

76
Q

A metallic impregnating agent is not absorbed by tissue, but,

A

Is held physically on the surface as a precipitate

77
Q

Rapid metachromatic staining of frozen sections is also know as?

A

Eye dropper method

78
Q

Synthetic dyes are derived from the hydrocarbon benzene and are also known as

A

Aniline Dyes

79
Q

to stain in color shades that are similar to the color of tye dye itself is termed as?

A

Orthochromic

80
Q

Most commonly used agent for Impregnation

A

Silver nitrate

81
Q

Cochineal dye is treated with _______ to produce

A

Carmine.

82
Q

How do you remove stains from the skin?

A

Topical Application of 0.5% acid alcohol

83
Q

Acts as a differentiatior for both basic and acidic dyes

A

Alcohol

84
Q

Process of giving color to sections by using aquaeous or alcoholic dye solutions

A

Direct staining

85
Q

To remove xylene you must use

A

Absolute alcohol

86
Q

Most common method used for microanatomical studies of tissues

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin Technique

87
Q

Demonstrates differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Histological Staining

88
Q

Length of ripening

A

3-4 months

89
Q

Picric acid with carmine (picrocarmine) is used in

A

Neuropathological studies

90
Q

Metacromatic Staining is usually done for staining … (5)

A 
Cartilage
Connective Tissues
Epithelial Mucus
Mast Cell Granules
Amyloid
91
Q

Common Dyes in intravital staining

A

Lithium
Carmine
India ink

92
Q

Dyes which are obtained from plants and animals.

A

Natural Dyes

93
Q

Function of Iron alum as a mordant

A

Oxidized hematoxylin to a soluble colorless compound to decolorize tissue

94
Q

For leukocyte differentiation

A

Irishmans stain

95
Q

Active coloring agent in hematoxylin after oxidation

A

Hematin

96
Q

Selective staining of living cell constituents

A

Vital staining

97
Q

To remove iodine you must use :

A

3% Sodium Thiosulfate for 1-5 mins

98
Q

If the dye permeates the membrane , it means the cell is?

A

Dead

99
Q

Tissued fixed with these types of synthetic dyesfavor staining with basic dyes.

A

Basic Dyes

100
Q

It is to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body.

A

Supravital Staining

101
Q

Type of stain in which The dye is injected to any part of the body producing specific coloration of certain cells.

A

Intravital Staining

102
Q

Coles hematoxylin is ripened by

A

Alcoholic Iodine Solution

103
Q

Paraffin sections with air bubbles are more likely to

A

Float (when deparaffinized and stained)

104
Q

Most valuable metals for metallic impregnation

A

Gold chloride and silver nitrates

105
Q

Selective removal of excess stain in order that a specific substance may be stained distinctly

A

Decolorization/Differentiation

106
Q

Progressive staining is favored than regressive due to

A

Difficulty of intense staining of cell structures without staining other parts

Histopathology (3 decks)

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