Chapter 11 Flashcards
What was the book of revelation?
A book focused on visions of the end of the world, including disease,war, famine, and death.
What were the four horsemen of the apocalypse as mentioned in the book of revelation?
Disease
War
Famine
Death
Why was the book of revelation popular during the middle ages?
Because of how horrible life was at the time, poor living conditions and the four horsemen were relevant in everyone’s life
What was A representative assembly?
A political institution in which a group of people representing the population or privileged orders within the population of a state come together to debate, negotiate with the executive and legislate. (originally the king or other ruler)
What were national literatures?
Books that in a way defined or represented a nation.
“common reference point for that country’s culture, and provide national identity”
What occurred to the climate of Europe?
From 1000-1300 the climate became warmer than ever
Around 1300-1345 the climate became cold and wet
What famine occurred in Egypt during the same time that Europe experienced the great famine?
The Seven Lean Years
What were the 8 main consequences of the great famine?
- Many homes were abandoned as people wandered in search of food
- Houses were sold for food
- Marriage slowed down because everyone was working, this caused a decrease in population
- The affected blamed the rich, speculators(risk taking investors), and the jews for profiting through their suffering
- Trading slowed to a halt
- The cost of grain, livestock and dairy products rose greatly
- People were more susceptible to disease because of their lean diets
- Workers were less productive because of their lean diets
What group of people was said to be behind the famine?
The Jews, they were said to have poisoned, called them agents of evil and many were tortured, fined and kiled
How did the Black Death arrive in Europe?
Genoese ships, rats with infected flees were aboard
How did the bubonic plague transmit?
Pneumonic transmission meaning that it was transferred between humans through coughing and sneezing
Besides the bubonic plague, what other disease do scientists speculate the black death could’ve been?
Ebola, studied tooth pulp as research
How many people were killed by the black death?
1/3 of Europe’s population
What was a person’s best chance at survival of the plague?
Lancing the “bubos,” that grew
Where did the plague originate?
Southwest China, 1331
Where did the black plague affect?
Eastern and Central Europe, along with the Muslim world
Where did the bubonic plague makes it’s last European appearance?
1721 Marseilles, a French port
What did doctors think caused disease?
Swamps, poisons, corrupted air, or how the stars were aligned.
What were most of doctor’s treatments based on?
purifying air and balancing bodily fluids, which proved somewhat ineffective. One treatment was ringing a church bell to purify air, another were “magic” letter number combos.
What did the clergy do during the black death?
Stayed devoted, buried bodies, cared for the sick and stayed to give prayers, this meant many fell victim to the plague
What were the 7 main effects of the plague?
- Slowed down trade
- Caused inflation
- Opened up job positions because of death
- People became deeply religious
- Flagellants emerged
- Jews became scapegoats
- Caused many new universities to be formed because of priests dying
What is a flagellant?
People who would whip themselves because they thought the plague was god’s punishment.