Chapter 11

Question 1

sum total of all microbes found on a normal human

Answer 1

human microbiome

Question 2

microbe whose relationship with host is parasitic and results in infection and disease

Answer 2

pathogen

Question 3

disruption of tissue or organ caused by microbes or their products

Answer 3

infectious disease

Question 4

an organisms potential to cause disease and is used to divide pathogenic microbes into two groups

Answer 4

pathogenicity

Question 5

primary pathogens are capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune systems

Answer 5

true pathogens

Question 6

cause disease when the hosts defenses are compromised or when the pathogens become established in a part of the body that is not natural for them

Answer 6

opportunistic pathogens

Question 7

to initiate an infection a microbe must enter a tissues of the body by a characteristic route usually the skin r mucous membrane

Answer 7

portal of entry

Question 8

originating from a source outside the body

Answer 8

exogenous

Question 9

already existing on or in the body

Answer 9

endogenous

Question 10

white blood cells that originally engulf and destroy pathogens by means of enzymes and antimicrobial chemicals

Answer 10

phagocytes

Question 11

produced by strep and staph these substances are toxic to white blood cells

Answer 11

leukocidins

Question 12

specific chemical product of microbes that is poisonous to to other microbes

Answer 12

toxin

Question 13

proteins with a strong specificity for a target cell also extremely powerful

Answer 13

exotoxins

Question 14

a class of bacterial exotoxin that disrupts the cell membrane of red blood cells

Answer 14

hemolysins

Question 15

red blood cells burst and release hemoglobin pigment

Answer 15

hemolyze

Question 16

earliest symptoms of disease is the bodies earliest defense called

Answer 16

inflammation

Question 17

infected person with no symptoms

Answer 17

asymptomatic

Question 18

spread infectious agent during incubation period

Answer 18

incubating carriers

Question 19

recuperating patients without symptoms they continue to shed viable microbes and convey infection to others

Answer 19

convalescent carriers

Question 20

when an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in the new host

Answer 20

communicable

Question 21

an infection indigenous to animals but spread to humans naturally

Answer 21

zoonosis

Question 22

involves physical contact between infected person and new host

Answer 22

direct contact

Question 23

infectious agent must pass from and infected host to an intermediate conveyor and from there to another host

Answer 23

indirect transmission

Question 24

natural non living material that can transmit infectious agents

Answer 24

vehicle