Chapter 11

Question 1

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

Answer 1

The number of protons

Question 2

What subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 2

Neutrons and protons

Question 3

What is an isotope?

Answer 3

Same atomic number and different mass

Question 4

Paint evidence is found in these two crimes.

Answer 4

Burglary and hit-and-run

Question 5

What does the PDQ database determine?

Answer 5

Year, make, and model

Question 6

What is paint composed of?

Answer 6

Binder,pigment, and solvent

Question 7

Which auto paint coating resists corrosion? Resists UV radiation? Looks good?

Answer 7

Electrocoat primer, base coat, and clear coat

Question 8

What paint characteristic is the most distinctive forensic characteristic?

Answer 8

Color layer sequence

Question 9

How are paint binders chemically analyzed?

Answer 9

Pyrolysis and infrared

Question 10

How is sand formed?

Answer 10

Inland rocks brought in by wind and water

Question 11

What is the first step in soil analysis?

Answer 11

Compare dried soil for color and texture

Question 12

What causes sand grains to become rounded slowly? More quickly?

Answer 12

Wind blown sand

Question 13

List the subatomic particles, charge & location

Answer 13

Electron: negative charge and orbits nucleus
Neutron: no charge and is in the nucleus
Proton: positive charge and is in nucleus

Question 14

What does potassium chromate produce when added to soil sample?

Answer 14

Yellow precipitate

Question 15

What element gives soil a reddish brown color?

Answer 15

Iron

Question 16

What is the most common mineral found in sand?

Answer 16

Quartz

Question 17

What gives volcanic sand it’s dark color?

Answer 17

Black basalt

Question 18

Who first used soil evidence to solve a crime?

Answer 18

George Popp

Question 19

List soil particles from smallest to largest

Answer 19

Clay, sand, silt

Question 20

How are oolites formed?

Answer 20

By deposition

Question 21

What is leeching

Answer 21

Water dripping through soil and carrying out minerals

Question 22

What are the subcategories of soil.

Answer 22

Loam, peat, and chalk

Question 23

What is peat soil

Answer 23

Loam with more than 20% decaying organic material

Question 24

Which horizon is known as top soil?

Answer 24

A horizon

Question 25

What does the universal indicator turn in the presence of a base? Acid?

Answer 25

Base: blue or violet
Acid: red orange

Question 26

In what type of evidence can trace elements be found

Answer 26

Paint,soil,glass,metal,sand