Chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
Atomic Orbital Review
A
- S Orbitals
Spherically symmetric, one spatial orientation - P Orbitals
One nodal plane, dumbbell shaped, three orientations - D Orbitals
2 nodal planes, cloverleaf shaped, five orientations
2
Q
Electronic Configuration Review
A
- Atomic orbitals are filled lowest energy first
- Orbitals of the same energy level are filled one electron at a time
3
Q
Valence Bond Theory
A
- For better agreement with experiment, use HYBRIDIZED atomic orbitals
- Hybridized orbitals are calculated by combining wavefunctions of atomic orbitals
- Allows more than unpaired electrons to participate in bonding
4
Q
sp Hybrid Orbitals
A
- Two orbitals formed from one s and one p
- Linear electron congiguration
5
Q
sp^2 Hybrid Orbitals
A
- Three orbitals formed from one s and two p
- Trigonal Planar
6
Q
sp^3d Hybrid Orbitals
A
- Four orbitals formed from one s, three p and one d
- Trigonal bipyramidal
7
Q
sp^3d^2 Hybrid Orbitals
A
- Five orbitals formed from one s, three p and two d
- Octahedral
8
Q
Hybrid Orbitals and VSEPR
A
- sp = Linear
- sp^2 = trigonal-planar
- sp^3 = tetrahedral
- sp^3d = trigonal-bipyramidal
- sp^3d^2 = octahedral
9
Q
Hybrid Orbitals and Multiple Bonds
*Know how to sketch 2-d
A
- When multiple bonds form, more than two orbitals overlap
- End-to-end is sigma bond
- Side-to-side is pi bond
- Single bonds always involve sigma bonds
- sinlge bond = 1 sigma bond
- Multiple bonds involve both sigma and pi bonds
- double bond = one sigma + one pi bond
- triple bond = one sigma + two pi bonds
10
Q
Molecular Orbital Theory
A
- Explains bond order, stability, resonance, etc.
- Combine wavefunctions in and out of phase
- Takes into account bonding and anti-bonding electrons
11
Q
Molecular Orbital Theory - Bond Order
*review worksheet on how to sketch the diagram
A
- A stable species has more bonding electrons than anti-bonding
- The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond
- Calculate bond order
(# bonding electrons - # anti-bonding electrons) / 2
12
Q
Delocalized Molecular Orbitals
A
- Combining hybridization and molecular orbital theory shows us RESONANCE
- A molecule HAS delocalized molecular orbitals if it has RESONANCE
