Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic Orbital Review

A
  • S Orbitals
    Spherically symmetric, one spatial orientation
  • P Orbitals
    One nodal plane, dumbbell shaped, three orientations
  • D Orbitals
    2 nodal planes, cloverleaf shaped, five orientations
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2
Q

Electronic Configuration Review

A
  • Atomic orbitals are filled lowest energy first

- Orbitals of the same energy level are filled one electron at a time

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3
Q

Valence Bond Theory

A
  • For better agreement with experiment, use HYBRIDIZED atomic orbitals
  • Hybridized orbitals are calculated by combining wavefunctions of atomic orbitals
  • Allows more than unpaired electrons to participate in bonding
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4
Q

sp Hybrid Orbitals

A
  • Two orbitals formed from one s and one p

- Linear electron congiguration

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5
Q

sp^2 Hybrid Orbitals

A
  • Three orbitals formed from one s and two p

- Trigonal Planar

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6
Q

sp^3d Hybrid Orbitals

A
  • Four orbitals formed from one s, three p and one d

- Trigonal bipyramidal

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7
Q

sp^3d^2 Hybrid Orbitals

A
  • Five orbitals formed from one s, three p and two d

- Octahedral

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8
Q

Hybrid Orbitals and VSEPR

A
  • sp = Linear
  • sp^2 = trigonal-planar
  • sp^3 = tetrahedral
  • sp^3d = trigonal-bipyramidal
  • sp^3d^2 = octahedral
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9
Q

Hybrid Orbitals and Multiple Bonds

*Know how to sketch 2-d

A
  • When multiple bonds form, more than two orbitals overlap
  • End-to-end is sigma bond
  • Side-to-side is pi bond
  • Single bonds always involve sigma bonds
  • sinlge bond = 1 sigma bond
  • Multiple bonds involve both sigma and pi bonds
  • double bond = one sigma + one pi bond
  • triple bond = one sigma + two pi bonds
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10
Q

Molecular Orbital Theory

A
  • Explains bond order, stability, resonance, etc.
  • Combine wavefunctions in and out of phase
  • Takes into account bonding and anti-bonding electrons
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11
Q

Molecular Orbital Theory - Bond Order

*review worksheet on how to sketch the diagram

A
  • A stable species has more bonding electrons than anti-bonding
  • The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond
  • Calculate bond order
    (# bonding electrons - # anti-bonding electrons) / 2
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12
Q

Delocalized Molecular Orbitals

A
  • Combining hybridization and molecular orbital theory shows us RESONANCE
  • A molecule HAS delocalized molecular orbitals if it has RESONANCE
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