Chapter 11

Question 1

Self Fertilization

Answer 1

Fertilization in a plant or animal by the fusion of male and female gametes produced by the same individual

Question 2

Cross Pollination

Answer 2

Pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant

Question 3

True-breeding

Answer 3

When self fertilized, they pass traits without change from one generation to the next

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

Is one of a “pair” of genes that appears on a specific location on a chromosome, and control the same characteristics

Question 5

Diploids

Answer 5

Organisms with two copies of each gene

Question 6

Dominant

Answer 6

A hypothesis that assumes one gene/allele is dominant when passing on traits

Question 7

Recessive

Answer 7

A recessive gene is one that gets trumped by a dominant one

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

When an individual has two of the same allele, wether dominant or recessive

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive - they’re different

Question 10

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 10

A cross between two individuals that are each heterozygous for the same pair of alleles Pp x Pp

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

The entire set of genes in an organism

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

Refers to the outward appearance or a genes physical traits

Question 13

Punnett Square

Answer 13

It shows the genotype two individuals can produce in their offspring

Question 14

Testcross

Answer 14

A cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive individual

Question 15

Dihybrid

Answer 15

A hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different groups. Is a breeding experiment between P generation ( parental generation) organisms that differ in two traits

Question 16

Chromosome

Answer 16

Is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes

Question 17

Locus

Answer 17

A specific location on a chromosome at which a gene is located

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

Refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

Alleles have approximately equal effects in individuals, making the alleles equally detectable in heterozygotes

Question 20

Multiple alleles

Answer 20

More than two different alleles for a gene

Question 21

Epistasis

Answer 21

A form of interaction between nonallelic genes in which one combination of such has a dominant effect over the other combinations

Question 22

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

Several to many different genes contribute to the same character

Question 23

Pleiotropy

Answer 23

Single genes affect more than one character of an organism

Question 24

Gamete

Answer 24

Reproductive sexual cells that unite during sexual reproduction. When 2 gametes meet (sperm, cell and ovum), you get a zygote, a fertilized eggs